论文部分内容阅读
I. 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Is early childhood education really necessary？Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to 1 the child’s physical，sensory， communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government， who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are 2 enough for kindergarten.
There are good 3 for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphan children who did not receive good care or education become 4 delayed causing failure in school， and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more 5 for school， and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.
There are also 6 comments on putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that “the 7 the child， the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work”. I have personally witnessed many 8 of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and 9 with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school， the better off he or she is， so they are 10 to start children earlier.
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great 11 in the early elementary years， studies also show that this head start is really a “ 12 start”， as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early 13 . Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in 14 the achievement gap in poor and rich middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other 15 to close that gap.
1. A. decrease B. promote
C. prevent D. delay
2. A. old B. strong
C. tall D. good
3. A. ways B. choices
C. reasons D. chances
4. A. spiritual B. mentally
C. physically D. developmentally
5. A. solved B. prepared
C. occupied D. taught
6. A. positive B. enjoyable
C. negative D. fantastic
7. A. cleverer B. bigger
C. older D. younger
8. A. friends B. children
C. parents D. adults
9. A. bored B. excited
C. inspired D. interested
10. A. surprised B. special
C. eager D. easy
11. A. failure B. mistakes C. losses D. gains
12. A. wise B. false
C. late D. careful
13. A. school B. children
C. education D. work
14. A. improving B. teaching
C. making D. closing
15. A. ways B. children
C. problems D. goals
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题 ，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
One day an archer （弓箭手） drew a big crowd while practising shooting. He was very skillful. He shot so accurately 16 the on-lookers cheered with 17 （excite）. He became very proud of his skill. But among the crowd 18 old oil seller only nodded his head indifferently.
He went over to the old man and questioned him
19 he could do that. The old man shook his head. Then the archer asked， “What do you think of 20 skill？”
“Just okay， but nothing special. You’ve gained your accuracy from constant practice. That’s all.” The old oil seller replied.
“What can you do， then？” The archer asked.
The old man said 21 . He just put a bottle on the ground and covered its mouth with a coin that had a little hole in the middle. 28 （hold） his oil jar high， he began to fill the bottle. A thread of oil came down from the jar 29 the bottle just through the hole of the coin. Everybody around watched with their eyes wide. However， the old man said， “This is nothing special. I can do this because I 30 （practise） for long.” And 31 these words， he left.
II. 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Practice after practice， a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys， he got absolutely nowhere. At all the games， he sat on the bench and hardly ever played. But his father continued to encourage him. All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game but remained a bench-warmer all four years. His father was always in the stands， always with words of encouragement for him. Going to college， he decided to try out for the football team as a “walk-on.（临时队员）” Everyone was sure he could never make it， but he did. He never missed practice during his four years at college， but he never got to play in a game.
At the end of his senior football season， the coach met him with a telegram， telling him his father died that morning and allowing him to take the whole week off. Besides， the coach even asked him not to plan to come back to the game on Saturday. On that Saturday？the game was not going well. The team was ten points behind in the third quarter when the young man ran onto the sidelines， and the coach and his players were astounded to see their faithful teammate back so soon. Though refused again and again by the coach， he was finally allowed to go in for his persistence. Before long this little unknown， who had never played before was doing everything right. Soon， his team began to triumph. Finally， the coach asked， “You were fantastic！ Tell me how you did it？” He said tearfully， “You knew my dad died， but did you know that my dad was blind？” He forced a smile， “Dad came to all my games， but today was the first time he could see me play， and I wanted to show him I could do it！”
Like the athlete’s father， God is always there cheering for us. He’s always reminding us to go on. He’s even offering us His hand for He knows what is best， and is willing to give us what we need and not simply what we want.
26. The underlined sentence in Para.1 implies that __________.
A. he had no idea where he should go
B. he didn’t have the chance to play
C. he didn’t have a place to practise
D. he had never won a game actually
27. The boy was refused when attending the Saturday game because__________.
A. neither the coach nor the audience liked him
B. he suffered from sadness for his father’s death
C. he had not ever played in a game before
D. he should take a rest for his father’s death
28. What can we infer from Para.2？
A. The boy was informed of his father’s death.
B. The boy was allowed to attend the game easily.
C. The coach was told that the boy’s father was blind.
D. In the game， the boy acted as a professional player.
29. All contribute to the boy’s success EXCEPT __________.
A. his desire for popularity
B. his love for the football
C. his persistent practice
D. his father’s encouragement
30. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. the athlete’s father is cheering for his son
B. God is willing to give us what we need
C. believing in God is what we need to do
D. encouragement is the key to one’s success
B
Pete hated and couldn’t stand losing at anything. He felt so good， when he won， that he never wanted to give up that feeling. However， losing made him feel precisely the opposite.
Albert， a new kid， started at Pete’s school. Albert was a cracking table football player， and it didn’t take Pete and Albert long before they challenged each other to a game. Pete prepared for the match with great seriousness. He was concentrated and intense. Albert， on the other hand， seemed not to be taking the thing at all seriously. He walked about the whole time， smiling and cracking jokes about all sorts of things. But on the football table， Albert was a real phenomenon. He scored goals again and again， laughing and joking all the time. However， Albert was paying so little attention to the match that Pete managed to change the scoreboard while his opponent was looking elsewhere， and so Pete managed to win by cheating. Pete made a big thing of his win， but it seemed not to matter to Albert. On that day， Pete’s great victory was on everyone’s lips. But， that night， there was no trace of the joyful feeling Pete usually enjoyed so much. What’s more， Albert hadn’t felt bad about losing. He almost seemed to enjoy it. The next day Pete saw Albert playing basketball. He was absolutely hopeless； he lost time after time. But that happy smile never left his face.
For several days Pete watched the new guy. He was great at some things， terrible at others - to an embarrassing degree - but he enjoyed everything equally. Pete began learning that to enjoy a game you didn’t have to have a scoreboard； nor did you have to have winning and losing. What you had to do was to enjoy the game for its own sake， trying to do well， and enjoying each aspect of it.
Finally， Pete found himself playing hide and seek， telling a joke while playing table football， and regretting that a particularly fun game he was playing was soon about to end. And without really knowing why， the older kids started commenting amongst themselves.
31. According to Para.1， Pete felt_______ because of losing.
A. shocked B. confused
C. displeased D. bored
32. We can infer from the underlined sentence in para2. that_________.
A. Albert was actually excellent in football
B. football was what Albert like in real life
C. the phenomenon Albert discovered was real
D. Albert was popular with the audience
33. What does the phrase “made a big thing of ” in Para.2 mean？
A. knew nothing at all about something
B. had a strong like of something
C. did a great thing as he expected
D. made something seem more important
34. What is FALSE according to Para.3？
A. Though losing a lot， Albert was still happy.
B. Pete won the game by changing the scoreboard.
C. Pete didn’t feel happy about his victory.
D. Everyone kept talking about Pete’s great victory.
35. What did Pete learn at last？
A. It was not right for him to change the scoreboard.
B. He regretted the fun game he played would end soon.
C. Enjoying the game was more important than winning.
D. He was supposed to prepare for the match seriously.
C
Encouragement and praise can come in many forms， and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life. Specifically， praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later， compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself， like “You’re a good boy.” “This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research， and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world，” says Elizabeth， a professor of psychology at Temple University， who led the study. “Praising the efforts， actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”
Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job，” which emphasize the child’s actions. “Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good，” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities. These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology， but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.
As part of the study， researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old， and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions. Five years later， the researchers followed up with the families， using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge， and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children， process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved， while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.
36. By hearing “You’re a good boy”， kids may ________.
A. get proper feedback from parents
B. pay more attention to themselves
C. have effective interaction with parents
D. be willing to solve problems they met
37. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality.
B. Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run.
C. The process of praising kids experiment is suspected.
D. The praising experiment is carried out in real situation.
38. The underlined word “distinctions” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. condition B. difference
C. exception D. appearance
4. From the last paragraph we can learn that .
A. Kids should not be praised too frequently
B. Different kids should be praised differently
C. Process praise is less effective as we expected D. Kids with process praise tend to be more creative
39. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To introduce a better way to praise kids.
B. To compare two different praising ways.
C. To predict the result of process praising.
D. To report the way of praising experiment.
D
I became interested in the social function of insults （侮辱） while doing research on the philosophers， who spent lots of time thinking about how best to deal with them. I thought it was odd for philosophers to do， but ultimately realized they were on to something. After all， one role of philosophy is to teach us how to have a good life， and insults—whether showy， gentle， or even indirect—have the power to make us miserable.
What I realized was that the pain caused by insults is just a symptom of a far more serious illness. We are people who need to be among people. The problem is that once we are among them， we feel compelled to sort ourselves into social hierarchies. It is the social hierarchy game that makes insults ironic. We are connected so it feels bad to lose social status and feels good to gain it. That’s why a tricky laughing from a good friend isn’t painful—we haven’t lost status from it—but an unanswered email from our boss or a delayed response to an invitation can reduce our sense of self-worth.
The solution to this situation is simple： withdraw from the social hierarchy game. When insulted， you carry on as if nothing happened. Or if you do respond to an insult， you use self deprecating humor： you insult yourself and laugh while doing it.
You might worry that practicing insult pacifism （和平主义） would invite a chain of more verbal abuse. I have been an insult pacifist for several years and have found just the opposite. When you respond to people’s insults not with counter insults but with humor， you make them look foolish： they hit you with their best verbal shot， and you only laughed in response. As a result， they are less likely to insult you again.
Withdrawing from the social hierarchy game， can also beneficially transform our relationships. Instead of spending conversations trying to convince people how wonderful we are， we will start listening， really listening， to what they tell us. They will likely take notice.
36. The author regards philosophers handling the insult are _________.
A. strange and meaningless
B. getting important progress
C. making themselves painful D. teaching to get rid of insult
37. The underlined word “compelled” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. satisfied B. delighted C. forced D. disappointed
38. Facing insulted， we should do the following EXCEPT that __________.
A. You defeat by telling an insult
B. You act as being humorous
C. You calm down and ignore
D. You make fun of yourself
39. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. Responding an insult humorously is helpful.
B. Getting away from insulting is a wise choice.
C. Showing we are perfect stops being insulted.
D. Caring others will improve our relationship.
40. What does the author think about insult？
A. It is unavoidable and out of control.
B. It is a behavior hurting your friends.
C. It is a complex social hierarchy problem.
D. It is more miserable than was expected.
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读下列某教育网站的求助信息：
A.
I want to major in psychology because the subject simply fascinates me. It’s not my current major， but I would like to switch to it. However， the career which I want go into is a medical sales. The only thing I fear is getting a job. Would this be a good fit？
B.
Is working off the campus not allowed？ So I’m an international student. If I live off campus...will working outside break the college law？ Is there some kind of law that I can’t work outside？
C.
I’m a high school senior and I didn’t get into the college I wanted. I really wanted to go there so I’m planning to go to a community college and then transfer. Does it really matter how well I do second semester？
D.
Can I get admission in Vellore Institute of Technology this year if I don’t get 60% marks in pcm？ I got to know that eligibility for taking admission in VIT University is get minimum marks 60% in physics chemistry and math. If I don’t get 60% marks， will I be not getting admission in VIT University？
E.
Hi， guys！ I have been offered admission for industrial design at both San Jose state and Csu Long Beach. Which one do you think is better？ How are the two programs different？Anything you know about these schools will help. Thank you very much！
F.
I’m going to study in college soon but I can’t decide what classes to take. I have no clue what I even want to do. I wanted to be a nurse but I’m not so sure anymore because I don’t think I’m emotionally prepared. Are there any websites that have you take a test and then gives you a list of options？ 以下是一些网友提供的建议，请与求助信息相匹配。
1. Many freshmen end up changing their minds about their major many， many times. It is very important that you take your General Education requirements first. Those are classes that differ at each university but must be taken and completed in order to graduate.
2. Sorry to say that， but you can’t. If this is a minimum requirement （eligibility criteria） for getting admission in that particular institute， then you have to score 60% for admissions. Best of luck.
3. If you want to go into sales， major in public relations， advertising， sales， or marketing. Since you’re interested in psychology， you should minor in it. Psychology makes a bad major however.
4. International students are not permitted to work off campus. US employers are required by law to verify that you have permission to work before they are able to hire you. If you are caught working off campus， you will be deported meaning that all that money you have spent on tuition will be wasted.
5. It depends on the university. Most only look at your community college grades， especially if you receive your AA first. Usually community colleges decide what classes you’re eligible for based on how well you pass their pre required subject tests. It doesn’t have anything to do with your high school grades.
III. 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
3月21日是一年一度的世界睡眠日。今年世界睡眠日在中国的主旨是呼吁人们关注睡眠，关爱健康。中国睡眠研究会Chinese Sleep Research Society（CSRS）去年就睡眠问题进行了一次调查，情况如下：
[写作内容]
根据以上信息介绍这份报告，并包括以下内容：
1. 报告的数据来源；
2. 报告提及的现状及原因；
3. 报告的建议。
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，整篇结构连贯。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Mankind is wasting things everywhere and every day. Wherever we go， we can see that paper， bottles and cans are thrown away； food is wasted just because of poor taste； clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only things and money are wasted， but natural resources are abused as well. Trees are cut down merely for fuel； wild animals are killed simply for meat and fur； oil and coal are exploited in an unreasonable way.
The worst example of man’s waste is the waste of time. Many people tend to spend their time on worthless things， such as wandering about in the street， gossiping in the office， sleeping too much during the day. As we know， time is very precious to us since it passes by and never returns. The waste of time is equal to the waste of life. Time and tide wait for no man， as the saying goes. It is time to put an end to the waste. For one thing， we must save on natural resources and make full use of them； otherwise human beings will be faced with the shortage of natural resources and suffer from the pollution caused by waste. On the other hand， we must cherish our time. Only with our time devoted to the study and the work for the people shall we never regret the life we have led.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词写出你对以上种种“浪费”现象的看法，内容包括：
（1）请列举你生活中见到的浪费现象；
（2）你认为浪费的习惯有何不好；
（3）作为中学生，你认为平时可以做些什么来避免浪费。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
答案与解析
I. 语言知识及应用
第一节 完形填空
对于是否应该对早期的儿童进行正规的学前教育，本文中仁者见仁智者见智，众说纷纭，褒贬不一，莫衷一是。
1. B 早期的教育主要是通过在玩中学的方式来“促进”儿童各方面的发展。
2. A 政府在儿童还没“达到上幼儿园的年龄”前，就对其进行正规教育。
3. C 政府极力主张儿童的早期教育，是有充足的“理由/道理”的。
4. D 研究表明没有得到良好教育或者关爱的孤儿，在能力“发展”方面会滞后。
5. B 参加过正规的学前教育的儿童，比那些没参加过的儿童，在接受教育方面“准备得更加充分”。
6. C 由also以及The younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work可知，这里是对儿童早期教育的“负面的”评价。
7. D 结合选项6可知，儿童上学“年龄越小”，跟不上的机会就越大。
8. B 我曾经目睹过我那个年代参与过早期儿童教育的“儿童”……
9. A 与frustrated同义，属于同义重现。
10. C 由sure以及better off可知，家长是很“迫切”希望自己的小孩尽早参加正式的儿童早期教育的。
11. D 从下文的as the gains are lost in middle and high school years得知，属于原词重现。
12. B 答案也是由as the gains are lost in middle and high school years.得知，儿童参加Head Start Programs是“错误的”。
13. C 比起早期的学前“教育”，环境在人生的成功当中是个更加重要的因素，属于原词重现。
14. D 与下文的... find other 15 to close that gap照应，属于原词重现。
15. A 既然Head Start Programs的早期儿童教育不凑效，唯有“另觅他法”了。
第二节 语法填空
一天，有一位弓箭手在一群人面前耍弄自己的精湛技术，但有一位老者不以为然，结果老者表演了自己的滴油术，使在场的人大开眼界，心服口服，此故事告诉我们：强中自有强中手。
16. that 考连词的用法。so....that.... 引导结果状语从句。
17. excitement 考构词法。介词后面接名词。
18. an 考冠词的用法。在人群中有一位老者，用不定冠词表泛指。
19. whether/if 考连接词的用法。根据后文The old man shook his head，这里要填whether/if来引导宾语从句。
20. my 考代词的用法。这里是弓箭手问老者对他的技术的看法。
21. nothing 考代词的用法。根据后文He just put a bottle on the ground and covered its mouth with a coin that had a little hole in the middle.说明老者没说什么。
22. Holding 考非谓语动词的用法。这里填动词-ing形式作时间状语。
23. into 考介词的用法。这里表示油线通过硬币的小孔从油罐滴到瓶子里，故填into。
24. have practised/ have practiced 考时态的用法。根据时间状语for long，此处要用现在完成时。
25. with 考介词的用法。表示“说完话”的介词要用with，而不能用after。
II. 阅读
第一节 阅读理解 （A）本文讲述了一个小男孩很喜欢足球，但因比别人矮半个头，而一直都没有机会上场比赛。他的父亲虽然是盲人，却仍坚持到看台去看他练习并鼓励他。最后小男孩的父亲去世了，为了让父亲在天上看到自己的比赛，他鼓起勇气参加比赛，用行动证明了自己的实力。
26. B 推理判断题。从文中第一段的第二至第五句可知，小男孩比别人矮半个头，所以一直都没有机会上场比赛。因此可知答案应选B。
27. C 细节理解题。从文章的第二段的倒数第三句可知，小男孩从未上场比赛过，因此在突然跑来赛场参加比赛时，才会一次又一次地被教练拒绝。因此可知答案应选C。
28. D 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第一句可知，A选项已在文中直接提到，不属于推断内容；从文章第二段的第五句可知，小男孩虽然被一次又一次地拒绝，可因为他的坚持才使得自己最终赢得教练的同意去参加比赛。C选项的内容不属于第二段；从文章第二段的倒数二、三句，可知答案应选D。
29. A 细节理解题。从文中第一段第一句可知B选项正确；从第一段最后一句可知C选项正确；从第一段的第三、五句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知D选项正确。文章未提及到A选项内容，因此可知答案应选A。
30. D 推理判断题。从最后一段，我们可知，小男孩的成功最主要源于他父亲的鼓励。正如小男孩父亲一样，上帝也一直指引着我们，时刻会给予我们援助之手。
（B）本文讲述了Pete好胜心很强，他无法忍受失败。因此在一次与新同学Albert比赛时，为了胜利，Pete趁着Albert不注意的时候，把得分板给改了，最终取得了胜利。可这样的胜利却没法给他带来快乐。最后，他从Albert与另一个新同学身上学到，真正重要的不是胜利，而是享受比赛的整个过程。
31. C 细节理解题。从文章第一段的二、三句He felt so good， ... However， losing made him feel precisely the opposite，可知失败会让Pete感到很糟糕，故选C。
32. A 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第五、六句Albert， on the other hand， seemed not to...sorts of things.以及第八句He scored goals again and again，...可知，Albert虽然看上去并没有严肃对待比赛，但上场比赛时，却是一次又一次地进球，可推出Albert是个足球奇才，因此可知答案应选A。
33. D 词义猜测题。由下文的but it seemed not to matter to Albert可知比赛对Albert来说似乎无所谓，由连词but，可知make a big thing of 意为“小题大做”。
34. B 细节理解题。从文章第三段的，第一句，可知D选项表述正确；从第二句可知，C选项表述正确；从倒数一、二、三句，可知A选项表述正确；B选项不属于第二段的内容，因此可知答案应选B。
35.C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段的最后两句Pete began learning that ...enjoying each aspect of it. 可知答案应选C。
（C）根据一项研究表明父母的奖励性话语对孩子的行为产生积极的影响。
36. B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句得知： “You’re a good boy”此类的表扬更加关注孩子本身，而对孩子的行为进行反馈性的表扬促使他们更好地解决困难。
37. C 细节理解题。选项C与第二段第一句表达不符，其余选项可在第二段第一句及第二句找到依据。
38. B 词义推断题。根据第三段第一句及第二句的句意可得知：作者是在比较两种表扬方式的差异：过程式表扬关注孩子的行为，而个人表扬更强调孩子的本性。其它选项与句意不符。
39. D 归纳总结题。根据最后一段第三句：The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge， and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems及第四句process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved可推断总结出：过程式的表扬可以使孩子更具创造力。
40. A 主旨大意题。文章的中心思想和主题大意出现在第一段及最后一段，本文主要介绍一种更佳的表扬方式，因此选A。选项B和D未抓住重点，本文并不是主要比较两种表扬方式的异同及介绍表扬的过程，选项C未提及。
（D）本文主要论述为什么有些侮辱（性的话语）伤人，有些却无伤大雅，及如何巧妙面对。
36. B 观点态度题。根据第一段第二句but ultimately realized they were on to something可得知哲学家在研究侮辱性语言方面取得一些重要的进展。选项A与第二句表达不符，选项C和D未提及。
37. C 词义推断题。根据第二段第四It is the social hierarchy game that makes insults ironic正是社会等级让侮辱性的语言变得讽刺，可排除选项D；及第五句We are connected so it feels bad to lose social status and feels good to gain it我们是一个社会群体，当失去了社会地位我们感觉糟糕，但当获得它时感觉良好，可排除选项A和B。可推段：我们感觉被迫地将我们的社会地位分类。 38. A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句，可得知答案。其它选项均可在第三段第二句及第三句中找到依据。
39. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段句意可得知：从社会等级中走出来，学会倾听他人，而不是向他人炫耀自己的优秀，可以从中改变我们的人际关系。尤其根据此段的关键信息：transform relationships，start listening，及take notice可推断出关心他人有利于改善我们的人际关系。
40. C 观点态度题。根据全文中心大意及关键信息：withdraw from ，social hierarchy game，及transform our relationships等可得知作者认为侮辱（性的语言）能伤人是因为我们有社会等级的观念，因此答案选C。
第二节 信息匹配
1. F题目关键词“freshmen”（新生）和“their major”，对应F答案的“I’m going to study in college soon but I can’t decide what classes to take...”（不知道该选什么专业），故选F。
2. D题目关键词“score 60% for admissions”，对应D答案的“get admission”和“get 60% marks”，故选D。
3. A题目关键信息“go into sales”和“you’re interested in psychology”，对应A选项的“I want to major in psychology because the subject simply fascinates me.”（对心理学感兴趣）。
4. B题目关键词“International students”（国际学生）和“work off”（校外兼职），对应B答案的“working off”和“an international student”。
5. C题目关键词“community college”，对应C答案的“a community college”。
III. 写作
第一节 基础写作
The report （made by CSRS）was based on a survey conducted in November and December last year in China’s 20 cities， 20 towns and 20 villages. According to the report， thirty-eight percent of Chinese people suffer from various kinds of sleep problems， which is higher than the global average of 27 percent. As the data shows， about 55 percent admitted that work pressures have affected their sleep patterns. Noting new media’s negative influence on sleep， the survey also found that 67.1 percent of people chat on mobile phones before sleeping or surf on the net all night. The report urged people to avoid overusing networking devices， while turning to relaxing music to improve sleep quality.
第二节 读写任务
The article points out that human beings are wasting things， among which the waste of time is the worst. Consequently， the author calls on us to take full advantage of natural resources as well as treasure our time.
As far as I’m concerned， I can’t agree more with the author’s views. Wasting has become a common phenomenon in society. For instance， some people throw away their old clothes； some discard their used books； some waste water at will while others even waste food. What a shame！ All the above wastes are totally disgusting and unbearable.
In general， the habit of wasting is of great harm to us. To begin with， it’s universally acknowledged that the natural resources are not so rich as expected， which will run out in the near future. Besides， thrift is one of the Chinese traditional moral values cherished by all， and wasting will set a bad example to children. Worse still， once one gets into the bad habit of wasting， it’s quite difficult for him / her to get rid of it.
As a middle school student， I hold the view that we can do something meaningful to avoid wastes. For example， we’re supposed to donate the used stationary to children living in mountainous districts. Apart from it， we should turn off the lights as well as taps after using them. Above all， it’s of great significance to value our limited time and do our utmost to promote our study.
（拟题：杨华新 程小明 雷康成 符曼静 彭飞娥 罗厚健 郑楚娟）
责任编校 蒋小青
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Is early childhood education really necessary？Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to 1 the child’s physical，sensory， communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government， who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are 2 enough for kindergarten.
There are good 3 for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphan children who did not receive good care or education become 4 delayed causing failure in school， and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more 5 for school， and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.
There are also 6 comments on putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that “the 7 the child， the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work”. I have personally witnessed many 8 of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and 9 with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school， the better off he or she is， so they are 10 to start children earlier.
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great 11 in the early elementary years， studies also show that this head start is really a “ 12 start”， as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early 13 . Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in 14 the achievement gap in poor and rich middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other 15 to close that gap.
1. A. decrease B. promote
C. prevent D. delay
2. A. old B. strong
C. tall D. good
3. A. ways B. choices
C. reasons D. chances
4. A. spiritual B. mentally
C. physically D. developmentally
5. A. solved B. prepared
C. occupied D. taught
6. A. positive B. enjoyable
C. negative D. fantastic
7. A. cleverer B. bigger
C. older D. younger
8. A. friends B. children
C. parents D. adults
9. A. bored B. excited
C. inspired D. interested
10. A. surprised B. special
C. eager D. easy
11. A. failure B. mistakes C. losses D. gains
12. A. wise B. false
C. late D. careful
13. A. school B. children
C. education D. work
14. A. improving B. teaching
C. making D. closing
15. A. ways B. children
C. problems D. goals
第二节 语法填空 （共10小题 ，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
One day an archer （弓箭手） drew a big crowd while practising shooting. He was very skillful. He shot so accurately 16 the on-lookers cheered with 17 （excite）. He became very proud of his skill. But among the crowd 18 old oil seller only nodded his head indifferently.
He went over to the old man and questioned him
19 he could do that. The old man shook his head. Then the archer asked， “What do you think of 20 skill？”
“Just okay， but nothing special. You’ve gained your accuracy from constant practice. That’s all.” The old oil seller replied.
“What can you do， then？” The archer asked.
The old man said 21 . He just put a bottle on the ground and covered its mouth with a coin that had a little hole in the middle. 28 （hold） his oil jar high， he began to fill the bottle. A thread of oil came down from the jar 29 the bottle just through the hole of the coin. Everybody around watched with their eyes wide. However， the old man said， “This is nothing special. I can do this because I 30 （practise） for long.” And 31 these words， he left.
II. 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Practice after practice， a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys， he got absolutely nowhere. At all the games， he sat on the bench and hardly ever played. But his father continued to encourage him. All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game but remained a bench-warmer all four years. His father was always in the stands， always with words of encouragement for him. Going to college， he decided to try out for the football team as a “walk-on.（临时队员）” Everyone was sure he could never make it， but he did. He never missed practice during his four years at college， but he never got to play in a game.
At the end of his senior football season， the coach met him with a telegram， telling him his father died that morning and allowing him to take the whole week off. Besides， the coach even asked him not to plan to come back to the game on Saturday. On that Saturday？the game was not going well. The team was ten points behind in the third quarter when the young man ran onto the sidelines， and the coach and his players were astounded to see their faithful teammate back so soon. Though refused again and again by the coach， he was finally allowed to go in for his persistence. Before long this little unknown， who had never played before was doing everything right. Soon， his team began to triumph. Finally， the coach asked， “You were fantastic！ Tell me how you did it？” He said tearfully， “You knew my dad died， but did you know that my dad was blind？” He forced a smile， “Dad came to all my games， but today was the first time he could see me play， and I wanted to show him I could do it！”
Like the athlete’s father， God is always there cheering for us. He’s always reminding us to go on. He’s even offering us His hand for He knows what is best， and is willing to give us what we need and not simply what we want.
26. The underlined sentence in Para.1 implies that __________.
A. he had no idea where he should go
B. he didn’t have the chance to play
C. he didn’t have a place to practise
D. he had never won a game actually
27. The boy was refused when attending the Saturday game because__________.
A. neither the coach nor the audience liked him
B. he suffered from sadness for his father’s death
C. he had not ever played in a game before
D. he should take a rest for his father’s death
28. What can we infer from Para.2？
A. The boy was informed of his father’s death.
B. The boy was allowed to attend the game easily.
C. The coach was told that the boy’s father was blind.
D. In the game， the boy acted as a professional player.
29. All contribute to the boy’s success EXCEPT __________.
A. his desire for popularity
B. his love for the football
C. his persistent practice
D. his father’s encouragement
30. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. the athlete’s father is cheering for his son
B. God is willing to give us what we need
C. believing in God is what we need to do
D. encouragement is the key to one’s success
B
Pete hated and couldn’t stand losing at anything. He felt so good， when he won， that he never wanted to give up that feeling. However， losing made him feel precisely the opposite.
Albert， a new kid， started at Pete’s school. Albert was a cracking table football player， and it didn’t take Pete and Albert long before they challenged each other to a game. Pete prepared for the match with great seriousness. He was concentrated and intense. Albert， on the other hand， seemed not to be taking the thing at all seriously. He walked about the whole time， smiling and cracking jokes about all sorts of things. But on the football table， Albert was a real phenomenon. He scored goals again and again， laughing and joking all the time. However， Albert was paying so little attention to the match that Pete managed to change the scoreboard while his opponent was looking elsewhere， and so Pete managed to win by cheating. Pete made a big thing of his win， but it seemed not to matter to Albert. On that day， Pete’s great victory was on everyone’s lips. But， that night， there was no trace of the joyful feeling Pete usually enjoyed so much. What’s more， Albert hadn’t felt bad about losing. He almost seemed to enjoy it. The next day Pete saw Albert playing basketball. He was absolutely hopeless； he lost time after time. But that happy smile never left his face.
For several days Pete watched the new guy. He was great at some things， terrible at others - to an embarrassing degree - but he enjoyed everything equally. Pete began learning that to enjoy a game you didn’t have to have a scoreboard； nor did you have to have winning and losing. What you had to do was to enjoy the game for its own sake， trying to do well， and enjoying each aspect of it.
Finally， Pete found himself playing hide and seek， telling a joke while playing table football， and regretting that a particularly fun game he was playing was soon about to end. And without really knowing why， the older kids started commenting amongst themselves.
31. According to Para.1， Pete felt_______ because of losing.
A. shocked B. confused
C. displeased D. bored
32. We can infer from the underlined sentence in para2. that_________.
A. Albert was actually excellent in football
B. football was what Albert like in real life
C. the phenomenon Albert discovered was real
D. Albert was popular with the audience
33. What does the phrase “made a big thing of ” in Para.2 mean？
A. knew nothing at all about something
B. had a strong like of something
C. did a great thing as he expected
D. made something seem more important
34. What is FALSE according to Para.3？
A. Though losing a lot， Albert was still happy.
B. Pete won the game by changing the scoreboard.
C. Pete didn’t feel happy about his victory.
D. Everyone kept talking about Pete’s great victory.
35. What did Pete learn at last？
A. It was not right for him to change the scoreboard.
B. He regretted the fun game he played would end soon.
C. Enjoying the game was more important than winning.
D. He was supposed to prepare for the match seriously.
C
Encouragement and praise can come in many forms， and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life. Specifically， praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later， compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself， like “You’re a good boy.” “This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research， and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world，” says Elizabeth， a professor of psychology at Temple University， who led the study. “Praising the efforts， actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”
Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job，” which emphasize the child’s actions. “Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good，” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities. These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology， but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.
As part of the study， researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old， and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions. Five years later， the researchers followed up with the families， using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge， and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children， process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved， while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.
36. By hearing “You’re a good boy”， kids may ________.
A. get proper feedback from parents
B. pay more attention to themselves
C. have effective interaction with parents
D. be willing to solve problems they met
37. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A. Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality.
B. Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run.
C. The process of praising kids experiment is suspected.
D. The praising experiment is carried out in real situation.
38. The underlined word “distinctions” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. condition B. difference
C. exception D. appearance
4. From the last paragraph we can learn that .
A. Kids should not be praised too frequently
B. Different kids should be praised differently
C. Process praise is less effective as we expected D. Kids with process praise tend to be more creative
39. What is the main purpose of the passage？
A. To introduce a better way to praise kids.
B. To compare two different praising ways.
C. To predict the result of process praising.
D. To report the way of praising experiment.
D
I became interested in the social function of insults （侮辱） while doing research on the philosophers， who spent lots of time thinking about how best to deal with them. I thought it was odd for philosophers to do， but ultimately realized they were on to something. After all， one role of philosophy is to teach us how to have a good life， and insults—whether showy， gentle， or even indirect—have the power to make us miserable.
What I realized was that the pain caused by insults is just a symptom of a far more serious illness. We are people who need to be among people. The problem is that once we are among them， we feel compelled to sort ourselves into social hierarchies. It is the social hierarchy game that makes insults ironic. We are connected so it feels bad to lose social status and feels good to gain it. That’s why a tricky laughing from a good friend isn’t painful—we haven’t lost status from it—but an unanswered email from our boss or a delayed response to an invitation can reduce our sense of self-worth.
The solution to this situation is simple： withdraw from the social hierarchy game. When insulted， you carry on as if nothing happened. Or if you do respond to an insult， you use self deprecating humor： you insult yourself and laugh while doing it.
You might worry that practicing insult pacifism （和平主义） would invite a chain of more verbal abuse. I have been an insult pacifist for several years and have found just the opposite. When you respond to people’s insults not with counter insults but with humor， you make them look foolish： they hit you with their best verbal shot， and you only laughed in response. As a result， they are less likely to insult you again.
Withdrawing from the social hierarchy game， can also beneficially transform our relationships. Instead of spending conversations trying to convince people how wonderful we are， we will start listening， really listening， to what they tell us. They will likely take notice.
36. The author regards philosophers handling the insult are _________.
A. strange and meaningless
B. getting important progress
C. making themselves painful D. teaching to get rid of insult
37. The underlined word “compelled” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. satisfied B. delighted C. forced D. disappointed
38. Facing insulted， we should do the following EXCEPT that __________.
A. You defeat by telling an insult
B. You act as being humorous
C. You calm down and ignore
D. You make fun of yourself
39. What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A. Responding an insult humorously is helpful.
B. Getting away from insulting is a wise choice.
C. Showing we are perfect stops being insulted.
D. Caring others will improve our relationship.
40. What does the author think about insult？
A. It is unavoidable and out of control.
B. It is a behavior hurting your friends.
C. It is a complex social hierarchy problem.
D. It is more miserable than was expected.
第二节 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读下列某教育网站的求助信息：
A.
I want to major in psychology because the subject simply fascinates me. It’s not my current major， but I would like to switch to it. However， the career which I want go into is a medical sales. The only thing I fear is getting a job. Would this be a good fit？
B.
Is working off the campus not allowed？ So I’m an international student. If I live off campus...will working outside break the college law？ Is there some kind of law that I can’t work outside？
C.
I’m a high school senior and I didn’t get into the college I wanted. I really wanted to go there so I’m planning to go to a community college and then transfer. Does it really matter how well I do second semester？
D.
Can I get admission in Vellore Institute of Technology this year if I don’t get 60% marks in pcm？ I got to know that eligibility for taking admission in VIT University is get minimum marks 60% in physics chemistry and math. If I don’t get 60% marks， will I be not getting admission in VIT University？
E.
Hi， guys！ I have been offered admission for industrial design at both San Jose state and Csu Long Beach. Which one do you think is better？ How are the two programs different？Anything you know about these schools will help. Thank you very much！
F.
I’m going to study in college soon but I can’t decide what classes to take. I have no clue what I even want to do. I wanted to be a nurse but I’m not so sure anymore because I don’t think I’m emotionally prepared. Are there any websites that have you take a test and then gives you a list of options？ 以下是一些网友提供的建议，请与求助信息相匹配。
1. Many freshmen end up changing their minds about their major many， many times. It is very important that you take your General Education requirements first. Those are classes that differ at each university but must be taken and completed in order to graduate.
2. Sorry to say that， but you can’t. If this is a minimum requirement （eligibility criteria） for getting admission in that particular institute， then you have to score 60% for admissions. Best of luck.
3. If you want to go into sales， major in public relations， advertising， sales， or marketing. Since you’re interested in psychology， you should minor in it. Psychology makes a bad major however.
4. International students are not permitted to work off campus. US employers are required by law to verify that you have permission to work before they are able to hire you. If you are caught working off campus， you will be deported meaning that all that money you have spent on tuition will be wasted.
5. It depends on the university. Most only look at your community college grades， especially if you receive your AA first. Usually community colleges decide what classes you’re eligible for based on how well you pass their pre required subject tests. It doesn’t have anything to do with your high school grades.
III. 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 基础写作（共1小题，满分15分）
3月21日是一年一度的世界睡眠日。今年世界睡眠日在中国的主旨是呼吁人们关注睡眠，关爱健康。中国睡眠研究会Chinese Sleep Research Society（CSRS）去年就睡眠问题进行了一次调查，情况如下：
[写作内容]
根据以上信息介绍这份报告，并包括以下内容：
1. 报告的数据来源；
2. 报告提及的现状及原因；
3. 报告的建议。
[写作要求]
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
[评分标准]
句子结构准确，信息内容完整，整篇结构连贯。
第二节 读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Mankind is wasting things everywhere and every day. Wherever we go， we can see that paper， bottles and cans are thrown away； food is wasted just because of poor taste； clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only things and money are wasted， but natural resources are abused as well. Trees are cut down merely for fuel； wild animals are killed simply for meat and fur； oil and coal are exploited in an unreasonable way.
The worst example of man’s waste is the waste of time. Many people tend to spend their time on worthless things， such as wandering about in the street， gossiping in the office， sleeping too much during the day. As we know， time is very precious to us since it passes by and never returns. The waste of time is equal to the waste of life. Time and tide wait for no man， as the saying goes. It is time to put an end to the waste. For one thing， we must save on natural resources and make full use of them； otherwise human beings will be faced with the shortage of natural resources and suffer from the pollution caused by waste. On the other hand， we must cherish our time. Only with our time devoted to the study and the work for the people shall we never regret the life we have led.
[写作内容]
1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2. 以约120个词写出你对以上种种“浪费”现象的看法，内容包括：
（1）请列举你生活中见到的浪费现象；
（2）你认为浪费的习惯有何不好；
（3）作为中学生，你认为平时可以做些什么来避免浪费。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
答案与解析
I. 语言知识及应用
第一节 完形填空
对于是否应该对早期的儿童进行正规的学前教育，本文中仁者见仁智者见智，众说纷纭，褒贬不一，莫衷一是。
1. B 早期的教育主要是通过在玩中学的方式来“促进”儿童各方面的发展。
2. A 政府在儿童还没“达到上幼儿园的年龄”前，就对其进行正规教育。
3. C 政府极力主张儿童的早期教育，是有充足的“理由/道理”的。
4. D 研究表明没有得到良好教育或者关爱的孤儿，在能力“发展”方面会滞后。
5. B 参加过正规的学前教育的儿童，比那些没参加过的儿童，在接受教育方面“准备得更加充分”。
6. C 由also以及The younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work可知，这里是对儿童早期教育的“负面的”评价。
7. D 结合选项6可知，儿童上学“年龄越小”，跟不上的机会就越大。
8. B 我曾经目睹过我那个年代参与过早期儿童教育的“儿童”……
9. A 与frustrated同义，属于同义重现。
10. C 由sure以及better off可知，家长是很“迫切”希望自己的小孩尽早参加正式的儿童早期教育的。
11. D 从下文的as the gains are lost in middle and high school years得知，属于原词重现。
12. B 答案也是由as the gains are lost in middle and high school years.得知，儿童参加Head Start Programs是“错误的”。
13. C 比起早期的学前“教育”，环境在人生的成功当中是个更加重要的因素，属于原词重现。
14. D 与下文的... find other 15 to close that gap照应，属于原词重现。
15. A 既然Head Start Programs的早期儿童教育不凑效，唯有“另觅他法”了。
第二节 语法填空
一天，有一位弓箭手在一群人面前耍弄自己的精湛技术，但有一位老者不以为然，结果老者表演了自己的滴油术，使在场的人大开眼界，心服口服，此故事告诉我们：强中自有强中手。
16. that 考连词的用法。so....that.... 引导结果状语从句。
17. excitement 考构词法。介词后面接名词。
18. an 考冠词的用法。在人群中有一位老者，用不定冠词表泛指。
19. whether/if 考连接词的用法。根据后文The old man shook his head，这里要填whether/if来引导宾语从句。
20. my 考代词的用法。这里是弓箭手问老者对他的技术的看法。
21. nothing 考代词的用法。根据后文He just put a bottle on the ground and covered its mouth with a coin that had a little hole in the middle.说明老者没说什么。
22. Holding 考非谓语动词的用法。这里填动词-ing形式作时间状语。
23. into 考介词的用法。这里表示油线通过硬币的小孔从油罐滴到瓶子里，故填into。
24. have practised/ have practiced 考时态的用法。根据时间状语for long，此处要用现在完成时。
25. with 考介词的用法。表示“说完话”的介词要用with，而不能用after。
II. 阅读
第一节 阅读理解 （A）本文讲述了一个小男孩很喜欢足球，但因比别人矮半个头，而一直都没有机会上场比赛。他的父亲虽然是盲人，却仍坚持到看台去看他练习并鼓励他。最后小男孩的父亲去世了，为了让父亲在天上看到自己的比赛，他鼓起勇气参加比赛，用行动证明了自己的实力。
26. B 推理判断题。从文中第一段的第二至第五句可知，小男孩比别人矮半个头，所以一直都没有机会上场比赛。因此可知答案应选B。
27. C 细节理解题。从文章的第二段的倒数第三句可知，小男孩从未上场比赛过，因此在突然跑来赛场参加比赛时，才会一次又一次地被教练拒绝。因此可知答案应选C。
28. D 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第一句可知，A选项已在文中直接提到，不属于推断内容；从文章第二段的第五句可知，小男孩虽然被一次又一次地拒绝，可因为他的坚持才使得自己最终赢得教练的同意去参加比赛。C选项的内容不属于第二段；从文章第二段的倒数二、三句，可知答案应选D。
29. A 细节理解题。从文中第一段第一句可知B选项正确；从第一段最后一句可知C选项正确；从第一段的第三、五句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知D选项正确。文章未提及到A选项内容，因此可知答案应选A。
30. D 推理判断题。从最后一段，我们可知，小男孩的成功最主要源于他父亲的鼓励。正如小男孩父亲一样，上帝也一直指引着我们，时刻会给予我们援助之手。
（B）本文讲述了Pete好胜心很强，他无法忍受失败。因此在一次与新同学Albert比赛时，为了胜利，Pete趁着Albert不注意的时候，把得分板给改了，最终取得了胜利。可这样的胜利却没法给他带来快乐。最后，他从Albert与另一个新同学身上学到，真正重要的不是胜利，而是享受比赛的整个过程。
31. C 细节理解题。从文章第一段的二、三句He felt so good， ... However， losing made him feel precisely the opposite，可知失败会让Pete感到很糟糕，故选C。
32. A 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第五、六句Albert， on the other hand， seemed not to...sorts of things.以及第八句He scored goals again and again，...可知，Albert虽然看上去并没有严肃对待比赛，但上场比赛时，却是一次又一次地进球，可推出Albert是个足球奇才，因此可知答案应选A。
33. D 词义猜测题。由下文的but it seemed not to matter to Albert可知比赛对Albert来说似乎无所谓，由连词but，可知make a big thing of 意为“小题大做”。
34. B 细节理解题。从文章第三段的，第一句，可知D选项表述正确；从第二句可知，C选项表述正确；从倒数一、二、三句，可知A选项表述正确；B选项不属于第二段的内容，因此可知答案应选B。
35.C 细节理解题。从倒数第二段的最后两句Pete began learning that ...enjoying each aspect of it. 可知答案应选C。
（C）根据一项研究表明父母的奖励性话语对孩子的行为产生积极的影响。
36. B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句得知： “You’re a good boy”此类的表扬更加关注孩子本身，而对孩子的行为进行反馈性的表扬促使他们更好地解决困难。
37. C 细节理解题。选项C与第二段第一句表达不符，其余选项可在第二段第一句及第二句找到依据。
38. B 词义推断题。根据第三段第一句及第二句的句意可得知：作者是在比较两种表扬方式的差异：过程式表扬关注孩子的行为，而个人表扬更强调孩子的本性。其它选项与句意不符。
39. D 归纳总结题。根据最后一段第三句：The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge， and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems及第四句process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved可推断总结出：过程式的表扬可以使孩子更具创造力。
40. A 主旨大意题。文章的中心思想和主题大意出现在第一段及最后一段，本文主要介绍一种更佳的表扬方式，因此选A。选项B和D未抓住重点，本文并不是主要比较两种表扬方式的异同及介绍表扬的过程，选项C未提及。
（D）本文主要论述为什么有些侮辱（性的话语）伤人，有些却无伤大雅，及如何巧妙面对。
36. B 观点态度题。根据第一段第二句but ultimately realized they were on to something可得知哲学家在研究侮辱性语言方面取得一些重要的进展。选项A与第二句表达不符，选项C和D未提及。
37. C 词义推断题。根据第二段第四It is the social hierarchy game that makes insults ironic正是社会等级让侮辱性的语言变得讽刺，可排除选项D；及第五句We are connected so it feels bad to lose social status and feels good to gain it我们是一个社会群体，当失去了社会地位我们感觉糟糕，但当获得它时感觉良好，可排除选项A和B。可推段：我们感觉被迫地将我们的社会地位分类。 38. A 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句，可得知答案。其它选项均可在第三段第二句及第三句中找到依据。
39. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段句意可得知：从社会等级中走出来，学会倾听他人，而不是向他人炫耀自己的优秀，可以从中改变我们的人际关系。尤其根据此段的关键信息：transform relationships，start listening，及take notice可推断出关心他人有利于改善我们的人际关系。
40. C 观点态度题。根据全文中心大意及关键信息：withdraw from ，social hierarchy game，及transform our relationships等可得知作者认为侮辱（性的语言）能伤人是因为我们有社会等级的观念，因此答案选C。
第二节 信息匹配
1. F题目关键词“freshmen”（新生）和“their major”，对应F答案的“I’m going to study in college soon but I can’t decide what classes to take...”（不知道该选什么专业），故选F。
2. D题目关键词“score 60% for admissions”，对应D答案的“get admission”和“get 60% marks”，故选D。
3. A题目关键信息“go into sales”和“you’re interested in psychology”，对应A选项的“I want to major in psychology because the subject simply fascinates me.”（对心理学感兴趣）。
4. B题目关键词“International students”（国际学生）和“work off”（校外兼职），对应B答案的“working off”和“an international student”。
5. C题目关键词“community college”，对应C答案的“a community college”。
III. 写作
第一节 基础写作
The report （made by CSRS）was based on a survey conducted in November and December last year in China’s 20 cities， 20 towns and 20 villages. According to the report， thirty-eight percent of Chinese people suffer from various kinds of sleep problems， which is higher than the global average of 27 percent. As the data shows， about 55 percent admitted that work pressures have affected their sleep patterns. Noting new media’s negative influence on sleep， the survey also found that 67.1 percent of people chat on mobile phones before sleeping or surf on the net all night. The report urged people to avoid overusing networking devices， while turning to relaxing music to improve sleep quality.
第二节 读写任务
The article points out that human beings are wasting things， among which the waste of time is the worst. Consequently， the author calls on us to take full advantage of natural resources as well as treasure our time.
As far as I’m concerned， I can’t agree more with the author’s views. Wasting has become a common phenomenon in society. For instance， some people throw away their old clothes； some discard their used books； some waste water at will while others even waste food. What a shame！ All the above wastes are totally disgusting and unbearable.
In general， the habit of wasting is of great harm to us. To begin with， it’s universally acknowledged that the natural resources are not so rich as expected， which will run out in the near future. Besides， thrift is one of the Chinese traditional moral values cherished by all， and wasting will set a bad example to children. Worse still， once one gets into the bad habit of wasting， it’s quite difficult for him / her to get rid of it.
As a middle school student， I hold the view that we can do something meaningful to avoid wastes. For example， we’re supposed to donate the used stationary to children living in mountainous districts. Apart from it， we should turn off the lights as well as taps after using them. Above all， it’s of great significance to value our limited time and do our utmost to promote our study.
（拟题：杨华新 程小明 雷康成 符曼静 彭飞娥 罗厚健 郑楚娟）
责任编校 蒋小青