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以晚清和“五四”为代表的近代中国,社会转型和文学系统的转型相呼应,民族危机的现实与强国富民的政治理想激发了知识分子对强势西方他者的学习兴趣,结合“启蒙”、“救亡”的目标,翻译当仁不让地成为再现民族文化身份,建构中国形象主体性的思想选择。其中主要以严复和鲁迅为例,用马克思主义社会学理论——人本实践和社会分析来阐述严译文本的社会需求及其启蒙意义,严复选择西学的“精髓”来翻译,主要是“癒愚”、启蒙,消除国人头脑中落后的意识形态,努力改造中国愚昧、落后的国民形象,同样也用马克思主义社会学理论中的人本实践和社会分析来阐释鲁迅对改造“国民性”的思想。
In modern China, represented by the late Qing dynasty and May Fourth Movement, social transformation echoes with the transformation of the literary system. The reality of the national crisis and the political ideal of invigorating the nation and enriching the people have stimulated the intellectual interest in learning from the strong Western Other, “Enlightenment ” and “Salvation ”. The translation of my doing my utmost to become the ideological choice to reproduce the national cultural identity and construct the subjectivity of China’s image. Yan Fu and Lu Xun mainly use Yan Fu and Lu Xun as examples to explain the social needs and the enlightenment significance of the texts with strict comprehension of Marxist sociology - humanism practice and social analysis. Yan Fu chose the essence of Western learning to translate mainly “More foolish ”, enlightenment, eliminate the backward ideology of the people in the mind, and strive to transform China’s ignorant, backward national image, also use Marxist sociology theory of human practice and social analysis to explain Lu Xun “National character” thinking.