市场总是偏向有权势的富人,各国在市场化过程中都出现了一批穷人。对这种现象,经济学家有两种说法。一是市场化经济发展之初,必须有一些人由于某种原因相对或绝对地穷下去,只有在经济发展到一定阶段,穷人的状况才会改善。这就是库兹理茨倒“U”字曲线。二是市场化引起的贫穷是 The market is always biased towards the wealthy people who are in power. All countries have seen a number of poor people in the marketization process. Economists have two versions of this phenomenon. First, at the beginning of a market-oriented economic development, some people must be relatively or absolutely poor for some reason. Only when economic development reaches a certain stage can the poor’s condition be improved. This is Kuzlitz inverted “U” curve. Second, the poverty caused by marketization is