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建筑立面对场地的声环境存在不可忽视的影响。以往的研究都是基于国际标准或者计算机模拟,不能直观地展示建筑立面上不同部位对入射声的几何反射和扩散反射效应。本文通过现场实测的方式,运用声学照相机,对建筑立面如何影响周围场地声环境的全过程展开可视化研究。结果表明,由于台阶、雨篷檐口等建筑构件在空间位置上处于立面之前,会发生声扩散反射现象。台阶的声扩散反射性能在315~630 Hz频段最强,雨篷檐口的声扩散反射性能在100~1k Hz频段最强。建筑立面上声扩散反射强信号区域为雨篷内部空间和立面中轴线。雨篷内的声反射强信号区域面积随着声源距离的增加而逐渐变大。在中轴线上,来自建筑立面的扩散反射声信号的声压级随着立面高度的增加而有所衰减,这种衰减趋势随声源距建筑立面的距离越远越明显。
Building facade on the site of the acoustic environment can not be ignored. Previous studies are based on international standards or computer simulations, which can not show the geometrical reflection and diffuse reflection effect of incident sound on different parts of building facades. In this paper, the way of field measurement, the use of acoustic cameras, the building facade how to affect the sound environment around the entire site to conduct a visual study. The results show that due to the stairs, awning cornice and other building components in the spatial position before the elevation, the phenomenon of acoustic diffusion reflex occurs. Sound diffuse reflectance of the step is the strongest in the frequency band of 315-630 Hz, and the sound diffusion reflectivity of the awning cornice is the strongest in the band of 100-1 kHz. The strong signal area of sound diffusion reflection on the building facade is the inner space of the awning and the central axis of the facade. The area of strong acoustic reflection in the awning area becomes larger as the sound source distance increases. On the central axis, the sound pressure level of the diffuse reflected acoustic signal from the façade attenuates as the height of the façade increases. This decay tendency is more pronounced with the distance of the sound source from the façade.