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内力和外力指促使地壳发生运动变化的力。又叫营力或地质营力。产生这种地质营力的能量来源有两种:一种是内能,又叫内力。这种力的能量来自地球自转产生的旋转能、重力能和地球内部放射元素蜕变过程中产生的热能。这种来自地球内部的能量,在地壳深处产生改变岩石的特征和地表形态的力叫地质内营力或称内力。由于内力作用,能使地壳运动、岩浆活动、变质作用、火山、地震等表现形式。它引起地表变得崎岖不平,形成高山或洼地等。另一种是外能。来自地球以外的能量,如太阳辐射能、日月引力等。它通过空气运动、流水作用、生物化学能等产生改变岩石特征和地表形态的地质外营力,或称外力。外力作用表现形式有:风化作用、侵蚀作用、搬运作用、堆积作用和固结成岩作用等。它能使地壳变化,使高山削低、低地填平,使地表趋于平坦。
Internal forces and external forces refer to forces that cause changes in the crust. It is also known as a force or a geological force. There are two sources of energy for this geological force: one is internal energy, and the other is internal force. The energy of this force comes from the rotational energy generated by the Earth’s rotation, the gravitational energy, and the heat energy generated during the transmutation of the radioactive elements inside the Earth. This kind of energy from the Earth’s interior, in the depths of the Earth’s crust, produces a force that changes the characteristics of the rock and the form of the earth’s surface. This force is called geological internal force or internal force. Because of the internal forces, it can make manifestations such as crustal movement, magmatic activity, metamorphism, volcanism, and earthquakes. It caused the terrain to become bumpy, forming mountains or depressions. The other is external energy. Energy from outside the Earth, such as solar radiation energy, sun and moon gravity, etc. It produces geodynamic forces, or external forces, that alter rock characteristics and surface morphology through air movement, flowing water, and biochemical energy. External force manifestations include: weathering, erosion, transport, accumulation, consolidation and diagenesis. It can change the earth’s crust, make the mountains cut low, fill the lowland, and make the surface flatten.