一、背景周厉王是西周的一个暴君,任用谀臣荣夷公搞所谓的“专利”政策,专事搜刮,甚至霸占了老百姓赖以生存的山林川泽,激起了“国人”(指自由民)的愤怒,又以暴力压制舆论,鼓励告密。老百姓一度敢怒不敢言,于是召公劝谏厉王,阐明“防民之口,甚于防川”的道理,但周厉王仍然坚 I. Background Zhou Liwang was a tyrant in the Western Zhou Dynasty. He used the rumored Rongyi public to pursue the so-called “patented” policy, and he specialized in searching and even occupying the mountains and rivers and rivers that the common people depended on. This provoked the Chinese people. The anger of "(freedom) refers to the use of violence to suppress public opinion and encourage informers. Once the people were not furious enough to speak up, they summoned the public to exhort King Li to clarify the principle of “protecting the people against the mouth, rather than defending the river,” but Zhou Li’s king is still strong.