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科学的目的是要发现新的自然类和探索新的自然律,所以对这两个概念的哲学反思是十分重要的。自从1969年奎因用自然类的概念破解了著名的亨普尔归纳悖论和古德曼的“新归纳之谜”后,关于自然类和自然律的哲学研究有了迅猛的发展,1994年埃利斯和其他人提出新本质主义的世界观后,哲学界有大批研究科学本体论的论著的出现,论证自然界是由客观存在的自然律支配的自然类等级系统,使科学本体论发展到一个新本质主义阶段,不过这一新思潮还不成熟,至少有两个重大问题没有解决,一是自然类与维特根斯坦的家族类似类的关系问题,另一是非还原物理主义实在论的建构问题。
The purpose of science is to discover new classes of nature and to explore new laws of nature, so philosophical reflection on these two concepts is of great importance. Since the famous concept of natural class in 1969, Quinn has solved the well-known Humphrel’s inductive paradox and Goodman’s “new inductive mystery”, the philosophical research on natural class and natural law has witnessed rapid development. 1994 After Ellis and others proposed the neo-essential worldview, there are a large number of philosophers in the field of scientific ontology, demonstrating that nature is a natural class hierarchy governed by the objective law of existence and that scientific ontology develops into A stage of neo-essentialism. However, this new trend of thinking is still immature. At least two major problems have not been solved. One is the question of the relationship between natural classes and similar families in Wittgenstein, and the other is the construction of the non-reductive physicalist realism problem.