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自20世纪90年代以来,东亚开始逐步形成以集成化产品、模块化生产和区域内贸易三位一体的产业-贸易格局。近年来,日本为了确保制造业的竞争优势,尝试对产品架构进行调整。其中,模块型架构程度高的产品生产比较适合水平产业内分工;整合型架构程度高的产品生产则比较适合垂直产业内分工。随着东亚区域内中间产品和零部件市场规模的扩大,不同的产品架构可以对产业内贸易模式产生不同的影响。在经历了多年的产业“空洞化”以后,日本的部分跨国制造业开始利用其在整合型架构产品方面的比较优势,回归本土重新构建高端产品的出口基地。在金融危机的背景下,日本这一战略调整将对以低端出口制造业为主的中国和东盟各国带来很大的冲击。
Since the 90s of 20th century, East Asia has gradually formed a trinity industry-trade pattern with integrated products, modular production and intra-regional trade. In recent years, Japan has tried to adjust its product structure in order to ensure its competitive edge in the manufacturing industry. Among them, the high degree of modular structure of the product production is more suitable for horizontal division of labor; integrated structure of a high degree of product production is more suitable for the vertical division of labor within the industry. With the expansion of the market for intermediate products and components in East Asia, different product architectures can have different impacts on intra-industry trade patterns. After years of industry “hollowing out ”, some of Japan’s multinational manufacturing industries have begun to take advantage of their comparative advantages in integrated structured products and return to the homeland to rebuild export bases for high-end products. In the context of the financial crisis, Japan’s strategic readjustment will have a great impact on China and the ASEAN countries, mainly low-end export manufacturing.