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摘要[目的]通过分析不同基质中香菇菌丝生长期4种胞外酶的活性变化情况,为香菇营养生理研究提供参考。[方法]提取不同基质中的粗酶液,利用分光光度计测定光密度值,分析羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶、淀粉酶及漆酶的活性变化。[结果]不同基质对胞外酶活性大小有影响;各种酶活性高峰期不同,羧甲基纤维素酶和滤纸纤维素酶的活性高峰出现在转色末期;淀粉酶的活性高峰位于转色初期;漆酶的活性高峰在发菌初期。[结论]胞外酶在不同基质和菌丝不同生长阶段活性存在差异,但同一种酶在不同基质中的活性变化趋势总体一致。
关键词香菇;不同基质;菌丝生长期;胞外酶活性
中图分类号S646.1+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04176-03
Study on Changes of Extracellular Enzyme Activities during Different Growth Stages of Lentinus edodes Mycelium in Different Culture Substrates
WANG Weike, ZHOU Zufa et al (Institute of Vegetable Crops, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024)
Abstract [Objective] The changes of extracellular enzyme activity during different growth stages of Lentinus edodes mycelium in different culture substrates were analyzed to provide the references for study on nutritional physiology of Lentinus edodes. [Method] Enzyme liquid was extracted from different culture substrates. The optical density value was determined using spectrophotometer. The changes in activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellulase, amylase, and laccase were analyzed. [Result]Different culture substrates had different effects on the activity of extracellular enzyme. The peak activities of various enzymes varied. The peak activity of carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme and cellulase filter paper enzyme occured at the end of color changing period. The peak activity of amylase occured at the beginning. The peak activity of laccase occured at the beginning of germinating. [Conclusion]There were differences of extracellular enzyme activity in different culture substrates and different growth stages. The trend of activity changes of each enzyme was similar in different culture substrates.
Key words Lentinus edodes Mycelium;Different culture substrate;Different growth stage;Extracellular enzyme activity
香菇屬担子菌纲、伞菌目、侧耳科、香菇属,其主要栽培基质是杂木屑。随着栽培技术的革新,香菇代料栽培技术已日趋成熟。在以山核桃蒲壳作为代料栽培香菇的过程中,笔者研究了不同山核桃蒲壳含量对香菇菌丝生长期4种胞外酶活性的影响,旨在为营养生理研究提供一定的科学依据。
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料试验香菇808引自缙云县山农农产品科技开发有限公司。培养基配方见表1。
图3不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段淀粉酶活性的变化2.4不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段漆酶活性的变化由图4可知,漆酶活性在4个不同配方中表现十分相似,在菌丝生长初期活性最高,随着菌丝不断生长满袋后,其活性逐渐下降,至转色初期4个配方中酶活性又略有回升,而到转色后期活性进一步下降至最低点。在发菌初期,4个配方中漆酶活性由高到低依次是配方1>配方2>配方3>配方4。这与配方中杂木屑含量的高低呈正相关,杂木屑含量高的配方1漆酶的活性也高,随着杂木屑含量的下降,其活性也下降。
图4不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段淀粉酶活性的变化3结论与讨论
(1)香菇菌丝体在不同基质配方、不同营养生长阶段其菌丝分泌的4 种胞外酶酶活性表现出一定的差异, 但是同一种酶在不同基质配方中活性变化的趋势保持基本一致。
(2)纤维素酶系中羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶活性在菌丝生长阶段总体表现为上升的趋势,说明菌丝营养生长期对基质中的纤维素进行持续降解利用,为后期原基的形成和子实体生长供应碳源和能量。试验中,随着配方中山核桃蒲壳含量的增加,酶活性均有不同程度的上升。这可能与底物浓度有关。
(3)转色是香菇生产过程中关键的一环。转色是否正常将直接影响到后期原基的形成、产量。试验中,发现不同基质配方中淀粉酶活性高峰均出现在转色初期,说明这一阶段对淀粉酶的降解利用能力较强。这可能与为满足香菇菌棒转色时所需的碳源、保证转色的顺利完成有关。
(4)漆酶能对木质素进行降解利用。该次试验表明,在香菇菌丝发菌初期漆酶活性就处于较高水平,说明香菇菌丝对木质素的分解利用主要集中在发菌初期。这与张晓昱[2]研究相一致。
参考文献
[1] 王宪泽.生物化学实验技术原理和方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:172-174.
[2] 张晓昱.香菇不同菌株胞外酶活性与生长发育的关系[J].华中农业大学学报,1995,14(3):259-262.
关键词香菇;不同基质;菌丝生长期;胞外酶活性
中图分类号S646.1+2文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04176-03
Study on Changes of Extracellular Enzyme Activities during Different Growth Stages of Lentinus edodes Mycelium in Different Culture Substrates
WANG Weike, ZHOU Zufa et al (Institute of Vegetable Crops, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024)
Abstract [Objective] The changes of extracellular enzyme activity during different growth stages of Lentinus edodes mycelium in different culture substrates were analyzed to provide the references for study on nutritional physiology of Lentinus edodes. [Method] Enzyme liquid was extracted from different culture substrates. The optical density value was determined using spectrophotometer. The changes in activity of carboxymethyl cellulase, cellulase, amylase, and laccase were analyzed. [Result]Different culture substrates had different effects on the activity of extracellular enzyme. The peak activities of various enzymes varied. The peak activity of carboxymethyl cellulase enzyme and cellulase filter paper enzyme occured at the end of color changing period. The peak activity of amylase occured at the beginning. The peak activity of laccase occured at the beginning of germinating. [Conclusion]There were differences of extracellular enzyme activity in different culture substrates and different growth stages. The trend of activity changes of each enzyme was similar in different culture substrates.
Key words Lentinus edodes Mycelium;Different culture substrate;Different growth stage;Extracellular enzyme activity
香菇屬担子菌纲、伞菌目、侧耳科、香菇属,其主要栽培基质是杂木屑。随着栽培技术的革新,香菇代料栽培技术已日趋成熟。在以山核桃蒲壳作为代料栽培香菇的过程中,笔者研究了不同山核桃蒲壳含量对香菇菌丝生长期4种胞外酶活性的影响,旨在为营养生理研究提供一定的科学依据。
1材料与方法
1.1试验材料试验香菇808引自缙云县山农农产品科技开发有限公司。培养基配方见表1。
图3不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段淀粉酶活性的变化2.4不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段漆酶活性的变化由图4可知,漆酶活性在4个不同配方中表现十分相似,在菌丝生长初期活性最高,随着菌丝不断生长满袋后,其活性逐渐下降,至转色初期4个配方中酶活性又略有回升,而到转色后期活性进一步下降至最低点。在发菌初期,4个配方中漆酶活性由高到低依次是配方1>配方2>配方3>配方4。这与配方中杂木屑含量的高低呈正相关,杂木屑含量高的配方1漆酶的活性也高,随着杂木屑含量的下降,其活性也下降。
图4不同基质中香菇菌丝生长阶段淀粉酶活性的变化3结论与讨论
(1)香菇菌丝体在不同基质配方、不同营养生长阶段其菌丝分泌的4 种胞外酶酶活性表现出一定的差异, 但是同一种酶在不同基质配方中活性变化的趋势保持基本一致。
(2)纤维素酶系中羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶活性在菌丝生长阶段总体表现为上升的趋势,说明菌丝营养生长期对基质中的纤维素进行持续降解利用,为后期原基的形成和子实体生长供应碳源和能量。试验中,随着配方中山核桃蒲壳含量的增加,酶活性均有不同程度的上升。这可能与底物浓度有关。
(3)转色是香菇生产过程中关键的一环。转色是否正常将直接影响到后期原基的形成、产量。试验中,发现不同基质配方中淀粉酶活性高峰均出现在转色初期,说明这一阶段对淀粉酶的降解利用能力较强。这可能与为满足香菇菌棒转色时所需的碳源、保证转色的顺利完成有关。
(4)漆酶能对木质素进行降解利用。该次试验表明,在香菇菌丝发菌初期漆酶活性就处于较高水平,说明香菇菌丝对木质素的分解利用主要集中在发菌初期。这与张晓昱[2]研究相一致。
参考文献
[1] 王宪泽.生物化学实验技术原理和方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002:172-174.
[2] 张晓昱.香菇不同菌株胞外酶活性与生长发育的关系[J].华中农业大学学报,1995,14(3):259-262.