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为了探明不同地理种群棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)对温周期的反应,本研究系统调查了棉铃虫广东广州种群(23.08°N,113.14°E)、江西永修种群(29.04°N,115.82°E)、山东泰安种群(36.15°N,116.59°E)和辽宁喀佐种群(41.34°N,120.27°E)在滞育诱导的光周期(L12:D12)条件下,温周期(光期高温20～28℃,暗期低温5和9℃)对幼虫发育和蛹滞育的影响。结果表明:当光期温度相同时,各地理种群20T(温期thermophase,20℃):5C(低温期cryophase,5℃)(12h光期温度:12h暗期温度)(余此类推)和20T:9C,22T:5C和22T:9C,25T:5C和25T:9C,以及28T:5C和28T:9C之间幼虫的发育历期没有显著差异(P>0.05);而在平均温度相同或相近的情况下,各地理种群20T:9C(平均温度14.5℃)下的幼虫发育历期显著长于在22T:5C(平均温度13.5℃)下的发育历期(P<0.05);20T:20C(恒温20℃)的幼虫发育历期也显著长于28T:9C(平均温度18.5℃)(P<0.05),表明幼虫发育主要受光期温度的影响。在平均温度相同或相近的情况下,各地理种群温周期20T:9C的滞育率高于22T:5C的滞育率,25T:20C的滞育率也高于28T:9C;各地理种群温周期20T:20C的滞育率显著高于28T:5C的滞育率(平均温度14.5℃)(P<0.05)。当光期温度相同时,20T:5C和20T:9C,22T:5C和22T:9C,25T:5C和25T:9C,以及28T:5C和28T:9C之间滞育率没有显著差异(P>0.05),表明光期温度是影响棉铃虫滞育的主要因素。在相同的温周期下,幼虫发育历期及滞育率存在显著的地理变异,幼虫历期和滞育率与其栖息地纬度均呈正相关关系,揭示了棉铃虫对温度的敏感性随着纬度的南移而逐渐增强。
In order to investigate the response of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to temperature cycles in different geographical populations, the population of the cotton bollworm, Guangzhou (23.08 ° N, 113.14 ° E), Jiangxi Yongxiu population (29.04 ° N, 115.82 ° E) ), Taian population (36.15 ° N, 116.59 ° E) in Shandong Province and populations of Chazuo (41.34 ° N, 120.27 ° E) in diapause-induced photoperiod (L12: D12) ~ 28 ℃, dark period 5 and 9 ℃) on larval development and pupal diapause. The results showed that when the photosynthetic temperature was the same, the photosynthetic rate of 20T (thermophase, 20 ℃): 5C (cryophase, 5 ℃) (12h photoperiod: 12h dark period) and 20T There was no significant difference in the developmental duration of larvae between 9T, 25T: 5C and 25T: 9C, and 9TT: 5C and 22T: 9C, and between 28T: 5C and 28T: 9C (P> 0.05) , The larvae developmental duration at 20T: 9C (average temperature 14.5 ℃) was significantly longer in each geographic population than in 22T: 5C (average temperature 13.5 ℃) (P <0.05); 20T: 20C 20 ℃) was also significantly longer than that of 28T: 9C (mean temperature 18.5 ℃) (P <0.05), indicating that the larval development was mainly affected by the temperature of light. At the same or similar average temperature, the diapause rate of 20T: 9C was higher than that of 22T: 5C, and the diapause rate of 25T: 20C was higher than that of 28T: 9C. The diapause rate of 20T: 20C was significantly higher than that of 28T: 5C (average temperature 14.5 ℃) (P <0.05). The diapause rates of 20T: 5C and 20T: 9C, 22T: 5C and 22T: 9C, 25T: 5C and 25T: 9C, and 28T: 5C and 28T: 9C were not significantly different at the same photoperiod temperature (P> 0.05), indicating that photoperiod temperature is the main factor affecting diapause of cotton bollworm. The larval duration and diapause rate of larvae had a positive correlation with their habitat latitudes at the same temperature cycle, revealing that the susceptibility of cotton bollworm to temperature varied with latitude South move and gradually increased.