为调查北京市东郊空气中飘散真菌和花粉的种类、数量及每月的变化情况,采用重力沉降法,在某宿舍楼楼顶逐日定点曝片进行真菌、花粉采样,并采用曝皿法(每月定点曝皿采样1次)调查真菌的种类以补充在沉降法中容易遗漏的微小的真菌孢子。采样时间为2009年10月1日—2010年9月30日。结果显示,北京市东郊空气中全年曝片365张,检出真菌21 146个,其中可鉴定的孢子有19 251个,分属于38个属,按构成比排列前6位的优势菌属分别为交链孢属、黑粉菌属、枝孢属、附球属、锈菌属、蠕孢属,在空气中飘散的高峰期为10—1月和6—9月。曝片法检出花粉13 195粒,其中可鉴定的花粉有12 994粒,分属33个科属,按构成比排列前10位的科属分别为葎草属、藜苋科、蒿属、禾本科、桦木科、松科、柳属、杨属、桑科、栎属,在空气中飘散的高峰期为4—6月和8—9月。可见北京市东郊空气中全年均有真菌、花粉飘散,曝片法检出真菌总量为花粉的1.60倍,飘散真菌、花粉均有各自的高峰期和优势致敏种类。 In order to investigate the species, quantity and monthly variation of the floating fungi and pollens in the air of the eastern suburbs of Beijing, we used gravity sedimentation method to spot fungi and pollens daily on the roof of a dormitory building, Spot the sample once a month) Investigate the type of fungus to supplement tiny fungal spores that are easily missed in the sedimentation method. Sampling time for the October 1, 2009 - September 30, 2010. The results showed that in the air of the eastern suburbs of Beijing, 365 airplanes were exposed throughout the year and 21,146 fungi were detected in the air, of which 19 251 spores were identifiable, belonging to 38 genera, and the top 6 dominant genera They were Alternaria, Ustilago, Cladosporium, Acrocephalus, Puccinia, Sporidium, and the peak in the air were 10-January and 6-September, respectively. 13 195 pollens were detected by the exposure method, of which 12 994 were identified as pollen, belonging to 33 genera, and the families of the top 10 genera by composition ratio were respectively Genus Rubra, Amaranthus, Artemisia, Poaceae, Birch Branch, Pinaceae, Salix, Populus, mulberry, Quercus, floating in the air peaked from April to June and August to September. Visible in the air in the eastern suburbs of Beijing all year round of fungi, pollen floating, the total number of fungi detected by exposure to pollen 1.60 times, floating fungi, pollen have their own peak and the dominant sensitized species.