在美国,“上岗”与“下岗”乃家常便饭,因为美国实行的是彻头彻尾的资本主义市场经济。一个企业如果没有效益,如果一再亏本,如果不足以养活自己的员工,即使再能胜任工作的人也有可能被裁员。前几年,不少美国大公司,如福特、通用、柯达、波音等便采用这种方式,一裁便是上 In the United States, “induction” and “layoffs” are commonplace because the United States implements an outright capitalist market economy. If there is no profit for an enterprise, if it fails again and again, if it is not enough to feed its own employees, even those who can do the job may be laid off. A few years ago, many large US companies, such as Ford, GM, Kodak, Boeing and so would adopt this approach, a cut is on the