神经管缺陷(Neural-tube defects,NTDs)是新生儿最常见、最严重的先天性中枢神经系统发育异常,大约占全部出生缺陷的1/3,病死率极高。国内外大量研究已经证实,妇女在围孕期补充叶酸可以有效地预防大多数神经管缺陷病例的发生。然而,每年通过补充叶酸实际预防的神经管缺陷病例数只占到全部病例数的10%左右[1-3],预防效果不甚理想。本文拟从叶酸补充方法、补充剂量及预防效果等方面对妇 Neural-tube defects (NTDs) are the most common and serious congenital central nervous system dysplasia in newborns, accounting for about 1/3 of all the birth defects, with extremely high case fatality rate. A large number of domestic and foreign studies have confirmed that women during folic acid supplementation during pregnancy can effectively prevent the occurrence of most cases of neural tube defects. However, the number of cases of neural tube defects actually prevented by folic acid supplementation each year accounts for only about 10% of the total number of cases [1-3], and the preventive effect is not satisfactory. This article from folic acid supplementation methods, dose and prevention of such effects on women