长江流域能源分布特点是“西多东少”,上游西南地区煤炭和水能资源比较丰富,中游华中地区煤炭和石油资源较少,水能资源集中在湖北省和湖南省,下游华东地区煤炭和水能资源都比较缺乏。而能源需求则刚好相反是“东多西少”。流域东部是缺煤地区,煤炭资源量少,煤炭需求量大,占全国总需求量的62.9%;中部属煤炭补给区,总需求量占全国的19.6%。如何将西部丰富的水力和煤炭资源采取经济、有效的方式输送到经济发达但资源缺乏的东部,是值得研究的重要课题。提出能源发展战略:①上游加大资源开发力度;②中游利用地域优势就近调入能源,研究开发新能源;③下游接受区外送电的同时加速核电的发展。并提出以下建议:①加快前期工作步伐,建设西部水电基地;②加大长江上游煤炭资源开发力度,开辟西煤东运通道;③建设东部核电基地,重点推进设备国产化进程;④节约能源,保护环境 The energy distribution in the Yangtze River Basin is characterized by “less west and east and less water”. The southwestern region in the upper reaches is rich in coal and hydro-energy resources. Central China has less coal and oil resources, and its water resources are concentrated in Hubei and Hunan provinces. Water resources are more scarce. The opposite of energy demand is that “the east and west are less.” The eastern part of the basin is a coal-lacking area with a small amount of coal resources and a large coal demand, accounting for 62.9% of the total national demand. The coal supply area in the central part of the country has a total demand of 19.6% of the national total. How to transport the abundant hydraulic and coal resources in the west to the economically developed and resource-poor eastern part in an economical and effective manner is an important issue worthy of study. Proposed energy development strategy: ① upstream to increase resource development efforts; ② the middle reaches of the geographical advantages of using the recent transfer of energy, research and development of new energy sources; ③ downstream to accept the power transmission while accelerating the development of nuclear power. And put forward the following suggestions: (1) speeding up the pace of the previous work and building a hydropower base in the western part of China; (2) intensifying the development of coal resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and opening up the passage for the eastward transportation of western coal; (3) building an eastern nuclear power base with a focus on equipment localization; (4) protect environment