土壤分类集中反映了土壤科学的理论水平,是土壤科学的核心问题。国际上近十几年来,土壤分类的研究有不少新的进展,各个学派各有其特色。苏联学派主要是地理发生观点,它以土壤地带性及生物为主导的成土因素学说作为发生分类的理论基础,即按自然地带进行分类,认为在一定的生物气候条件下只能形成一定的地带性土壤。在高级分类中强调成土条件(特别是生物气候)和成土过程,故在大范围内地带性规律较清楚,但是它掩盖了同一地带内土壤发育的不同阶段。所以,这种土壤地带性分类实际上是成土条件分类。 Soil classification focuses on the theoretical level of soil science and is at the core of soil science. Internationally, in recent decade, there have been many new developments in soil taxonomy and each school has its own characteristics. The Soviet school mainly takes the view of geography and takes the theory of soil formation and biology as the leading factor of soil formation as the theoretical basis for classification. That is, according to the classification of natural zones, it can only form a certain zone under certain biological and climatic conditions Soil. In the high-class classification, soil conditions (especially bioclimatic) and soil-forming processes are emphasized, so the zonal law is clear on a large scale, but it masks the different stages of soil development in the same area. Therefore, this soil zonal classification is actually classified soil conditions.