我国现行的卫生防疫体制是50年代仿照苏联建立各级卫生防疫站的模式逐步形成的。这种政事合一的体制,集行政管理与服务于一体,既有管理监督公共卫生职能,又有服务社会人群的业务职责,可说是典型的计划经济体制产物。它在建国初期,卫生条件落后、群众身体素质低下、传染病蔓延的情况下,依靠计划经济体制强力干预,各级卫生防疫机构在降低传染病发病率、改善不卫生环境、开展爱国卫生 The current system of sanitation and epidemic prevention in our country was gradually established in the 1950s following the pattern of the establishment of sanitation and anti-epidemic stations at all levels in the Soviet Union. This kind of combination of government affairs and administration integrates administrative management and services. It not only manages and supervises public health functions, but also has business responsibilities for serving the social groups. It can be said to be a product of a typical planned economic system. In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the conditions of backward health conditions, low physical quality of the masses, and contagious diseases, they depended heavily on the planned economic system. Health and anti-epidemic agencies at all levels were reducing the incidence of infectious diseases, improving the unsanitary environment, and developing patriotic hygiene.