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本文以《左传》、《论街》、《世说新语》等文献后置介词的使用情况为考察对象,对相关组合句中语法分布的历时变化进行探讨,认为:(1)前后置介词或框式介词的搭配使用频率从上古到中古在历时递减,而N+L结构无需前置词引导而独立运用的情况则越来越常见;(2)prep+N+L短语的句法位置,在《左传》、《论衡》中表现出相对一致的倾向,即以位于动词后为优势语序。而到《世说新语》中则表现出截然相反的态势,以位于谓前状语位置为优势语序;(3)从《左传》时期的上古汉语发展到《论衡》、《世说新语》时代的中古汉语,N+L结构的表述功能更为自由;不过其最活跃的句法位置一直是谓后宾位或补位,然后是谓前的主语或状语位置,这一语序概况从《左传》到《论衡》、《世说新语》没有大的变动,与prep+N+L表现出的历时语序迁移是不一致的。
This article takes the use of postpositional prepositions such as Zuo Zhuan, Lun Lun, Shi Shuo Xin Yu as the object of study, and discusses the diachronic changes of the grammatical distribution in the relevant compound sentences. It is concluded that: (1) It is more and more common that collocations of prepositions or box prepositions decrease in duration from the Middle Ages to Middle Ages, whereas the N + L structure is used independently without the guidance of a preposition. (2) Syntactic position of prep + N + L phrases , Showing a relatively consistent tendency in “Zuo Zhuan” and “Lun Heng”, that is, after the verb is the dominant word order. While in the “Shi Shuo Xin Yu”, it shows the opposite trend, taking the prepositional adverbial position as the dominant word order; (3) From the ancient Chinese in Zuo Zhuan period to “Lun Heng” In the Middle Ages, the N + L structure has more freedom of expression. However, its most active syntactic position has always been the post-binning or complementing, and then the prepositional or adverbial position. There was no major change in Zuo Zhuan, Lun Lun Heng and Shi Shuo Xin Yu, which was inconsistent with the dialectic shift in the sequence of prep + N + L.