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丁哌卡因(麻卡因)是一种具有高度脂溶性及蛋白结合特性长效酰胺局部麻醉剂。与目前应用的其它局麻药相比,该药麻醉效力强,麻醉时限长,能控制第三磨牙拔除及根管治疗操作的术后疼痛等。生理及化学性质:盐酸丁哌卡因在结构上与甲哌卡因相似,但丁哌卡因在芳香胺上含丁基(4个碳),而甲哌卡因为甲基(1个碳)。因为碳链长度的增加,麻效及时限相应延长。丁哌卡因含4个碳,故麻效相对延长,若多干5个碳,则引起对组织的刺激。
Bupivacaine (tetracaine) is a long-acting amide topical anesthetic with high lipid-solubility and protein-binding properties. Compared with other local anesthetics currently used, the drug has strong anesthetic effects and long anesthesia duration, and can control the postoperative pain of the third molar extraction and root canal treatment. Physiological and chemical properties: bupivacaine hydrochloride is structurally similar to mepivacaine but bupivacaine contains butyl (4 carbons) on aromatic amines and mepivacaine is methyl (1 carbon) . Because of the increase of the length of the carbon chain, the anesthetic effect and the time limit are correspondingly extended. Bupivacaine contains 4 carbons, so the effect is relatively prolonged, if more than 5 carbon dry, then cause tissue stimulation.