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导言：作物一般需要排水良好的土壤条件来达到最好的生长和产量。关于这方面的文献很多。在排水不良的土壤栽培作物的不良影响也多有阐述。对果树一类的多年生作物尤为有害，就在一年中的短时间积水也常常足以影响长时期的生产力。 在一块土壤中植物就可以从两个极点以内的广泛条件下吸收水分。干的一头称之为凋萎点，湿的一头称为田间容量。（积涝水）是指超过田间容量的土壤水分。更具体的说法（积涝水）是土壤中所有的空隙都充满了水，在相当长的一个时期内限制了土壤中的空气与地上空气的交流而使土壤中的氧化作用达到抑制化学和生物学的作用。 涝（积水）最容易发生在透水性弱的粘重土质或在土面下植物根区于水分过多的时候形成一个高地下水面．水分的过多可能由于雨水过多；灌溉过量或河水的泛滥所成。或由于灌溉系统的渗漏和从远方通过低地的地下水流动形成。 和土壤凋萎点一样涝害作用只能用有关植物种类的表现来测定。水稻的一个生长时期内有大水就能高产，这种植物是一个极端的类型并不是大．多数作物的典型。 植物对涝害的反应程度很多包括下列象微之一或全部。”今梢什止生长，叶片和叶朽的畸形弯曲然后凋萎，从下部老叶开始提前黄落，根部发黑和死亡同时茎的下部有时腐烂。淹水或水上的茎?
Introduction: Crops generally require well-drained soils to achieve optimal growth and yield. There is a lot of literature on this topic. The adverse effects of poorly drained soil-grown crops are also elaborated. Perennial crops, such as fruit trees, are particularly detrimental, and stagnant water is often enough to affect long-term productivity in the short run of the year. In a soil plant can absorb moisture from a wide range of conditions within two poles. The dry one is called the wilting point, the wet one is called the field capacity. (Flood water) refers to the soil moisture that exceeds the capacity of the field. To be more specific (flood water) is that all the voids in the soil are full of water, limiting the exchange of air in the soil with the ground air for a considerable period of time to inhibit oxidation in the soil. Chemicals and Biology The role of learning. Waterlogging (waterlogging) most likely occurs in weakly permeable, weakly-grained soils or in the root zone of plant roots when the water is too high to form a high groundwater surface. Too much water may be due to excessive rainfall; excessive irrigation or the flooding of the river. Or due to seepage from irrigation systems and groundwater flows from afar through lowlands. The same as the soil wilting point waterlogging can only be used to determine the performance of the plant species. Rice has a high yield of water during a growing period. This plant is an extreme type and not large. Typical of most crops. The extent to which plants respond to waterlogging can include one or both of the following: "It grows, leaves and leaves rot and deform, wilting, yellowing from the lower leaves, blackening of the roots, and sometimes decaying of the lower part of the stem.