小儿术后镇痛需要准确的疼痛评估、严密的观察和及时有效的处理,本文介绍国内外对不同年龄小儿疼痛评估方法。小儿术后用区域神经阻滞镇痛效果好、副作用少,故对预防性神经阻滞镇痛、硬膜外注射吗啡止痛、骶管阻滞镇痛及小儿PCEA术后镇痛方法予以综述。 Pediatric postoperative analgesia requires accurate pain assessment, rigorous observation and timely and effective treatment. This article describes the domestic and international methods of assessment of pain in children of different ages. Regional neurological blockade in children with postoperative analgesic effect is good, less side effects, so the preventive neurological block pain, epidural morphine analgesia, caudal block analgesia and pediatric PCEA postoperative analgesic methods were reviewed.