目的了解2001—2015年新疆克拉玛依市结核病流行特征及防治效果,为完善防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2001—2015年克拉玛依市活动性肺结核病病人相关资料,回顾性分析全市结核病疫情、流行特征及防治效果。结果 2001—2015年克拉玛依市共登记活动性肺结核病病人2 340例,活动性病人及新涂阳病人平均登记率分别为45.18/10万(χ~2=188.88)和18.79/10万(χ~2=15.76),下降了61.34%和62.60%,呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01);活动性病人中,男性平均登记率(49.51/10万)高于女性(39.84/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=49.17,P<0.01),新涂阳病人年龄分布前三位为25岁~组、15岁~组和35岁~组,占新涂阳病人总数的64.44%,不同年龄组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=287.69,P<0.01);病人集中在工人,家政、家务及待业,农民工及离退休人员4类职业(70.47%),平均登记率最高为乌尔禾区81.11/10万,克拉玛依区病人占比最多(69.36%);涂阳病人总体治愈率为92.60%。结论克拉玛依市肺结核病疫情呈下降趋势,男性病人较多,青壮年人群高发,多集中在工人,外来务工者,家政、家务及待业和离退休人群,各区病人发现不平衡;全市结核病防治取得较好的效果,下一阶段应进一步加强定点医院结核病防治工作职责。 Objective To understand the epidemiology and control effect of tuberculosis in Karamay City in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2015 and to provide a scientific basis for perfecting prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Karamay from 2001 to 2015 were collected. The epidemic situation, epidemic characteristics and control effect of tuberculosis in the city were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 2 340 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients were registered in Karamay from 2001 to 2015. The average enrollment rates of active patients and newly smear positive patients were 45.18 / 100 000 (χ ~ 2 = 188.88) and 18.79 / 100 000 (χ ~ 2 = 15.76), decreased by 61.34% and 62.60% respectively, showing a declining trend year by year (P <0.01). Among active patients, the average enrollment rate of men was 49.51 / 100,000, higher than that of women (39.84 / 100000) Statistical significance (χ ~ 2 = 49.17, P <0.01), the first three smear positive patients were 25 years old group, 15 years old group and 35 years old group, accounting for 64.44% of the total number of smear positive patients, There were significant differences among different age groups (χ ~ 2 = 287.69, P <0.01). The patients were concentrated in 4 categories (70.47%) of workers, domestic workers, domestic workers and unemployed persons, with the highest average registration rate Urushi District, 81.11 / 100000, Karamay District, the largest proportion of patients (69.36%); smear-positive patients overall cure rate was 92.60%. Conclusions The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Karamay City shows a decreasing trend. There are more male patients and more young adults. Most of them are workers, migrant workers, domestic workers, domestic workers, unemployed and retired people. The patients in all districts find imbalance; Good effect, the next phase should be further strengthened at designated hospitals tuberculosis prevention and treatment responsibilities.