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基于栅格DEM的分布式水文模型能利用DEM提供的流域地形,包括流域边界、坡度、坡向、河网等特征信息,充分考虑下垫面条件的不均匀性及空间尺度相耦合性.以集水面积34097km2的飞来峡水库流域为例,利用SRTM90m精度的DEM资料提取流域特征信息和划分水系和子流域,采用基于栅格DEM的分布式水文模型来计算每个栅格的产汇流,河道汇流采用马斯京根法,参数率定采用SCE-UA优化算法.结果表明:一个结构简单、物理过程明确、参数较少的栅格DEM分布式模型可以被用于大中型流域的水文模拟,以更好地利用流域地形特征信息和描述流域水文过程.
Based on the grid DEM, the distributed hydrological model can take advantage of the basin topography provided by DEM, including basin boundary, slope, aspect, river network and other characteristic information, taking into account the heterogeneity of underlying surface conditions and spatial scale coupling. Taking the Feilaixia Reservoir catchment with a catchment area of 34097km2 as an example, the DEM data of SRTM90m is used to extract the basin characteristic information and to divide the water system and sub-catchment. The distributed hydrological model based on grid DEM is used to calculate the production and sink flow of each grid. Masking root method was adopted for the confluence, and the SCE-UA optimization algorithm was used for parameter calibration.The results show that a distributed DEM model with simple structure, definite physical process and few parameters can be used for hydrological simulation of medium and large basins, To make better use of basin topographic features and to describe the basin hydrological processes.