粗略说来,西方人类学主要有三种传统。第一种是英国的跟实利主义哲学有密切关系的人类学传统,很现代,也很实在;第二种是德国和美国的,是以“民族精神”(eth-nos)或“文化”(culture)概念为出发点的,相对古朴而注重历史,广泛流传于德语系,两次世界大战之间在美国得到发扬;第三种 Roughly speaking, Western anthropology mainly has three traditions. The first is the anthropological tradition in the United Kingdom that is closely related to the philosophy of materialism. It is modern and very real. The second is Germany and the United States based on eth-nos or “culture” (culture) concept as the starting point, the relatively ancient and history-oriented, widely circulated in the German Department, between the two world wars in the United States have been promoted; the third