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杏仁系蔷薇科落叶乔木杏树果实的核仁,分苦杏仁和甜杏仁兩种。一般药用者大部分系苦杏仁,其鎮咳作用特別显著。苦杏仁在習慣上大都是湯泡去皮、去尖、炒而后用(这样炮制后,一般要損耗15—30％)。查其做法,实由于过去的历史条件的限制,只知道杏仁有毒,不知道因何有毒,其炮制方法和目的实是为了解毒。现在科学揭开了这个謎,使我們知道了杏仁之所以有毒和鎮咳,是由于杏仁所含的杏仁甙和酵素,經水解作用而产生了氫氰酸。氫氰酸才是有毒的也是鎮咳的有效物質。
The almonds are the nucleolus of the deciduous trees of the Rosaceae family, and are divided into two types, bitter almonds and sweet almonds. Most of the general drugs are bitter almonds, and its antitussive effect is particularly significant. Bitter almonds are mostly used to peel, gouging, and frying (usually 15-30%). To check its practice, due to the limitations of historical conditions in the past, only knowing that almonds are toxic and do not know how toxic they are, the method and purpose of concocting them is to understand the poison. Now science has uncovered this mystery, which has taught us that almonds are poisonous and antitussive because almonds contain amaranth and enzymes that hydrolyze hydrocyanic acid. Hydrocyanic acid is toxic and an effective antitussive agent.