医院内获得性肺炎(HAP)是指患者入院(包括老人护理院和康复医院)时未患有、也不处于感染潜伏期,而是入院4 8h后罹患的由病原体引起的肺实质性炎症。凡病原体来自院外的肺炎,如入院后2 4h内出现的流感病毒性肺炎等,均不能诊断为HAP。而患者出院时正值感染潜伏期,出院后发病的肺 Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) refers to patients not admitted to hospital (including nursing home and rehabilitation hospital) and not in the latent period of infection. Rather, it is caused by pathogen-induced pulmonary pustular inflammation 48 h after admission. Where the pathogen from outside the hospital pneumonia, such as influenza virus pneumonia within 24 hours after admission, can not be diagnosed as HAP. Patients were discharged at the positive incubation period, the incidence of lung disease after discharge