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采用便携式能量色散型×射线荧光分析(pXRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、显微拉曼光谱(Rama n)和光学相干层析成像技术(OCT)四种无损分析方法测试了北京房山唐刘济墓出土玉器的化学成分、物相和结构以及出土玻璃器的化学成分等。分析结果表明,该批检测样品共有57件,其中滑石型玉器24件,绿松石型玉器17件、透闪石型玉器1件、磷灰石型玉器5件、云母l件、琥珀2件;其余7件为玻璃器,包含高铅硅酸盐(PbO-SiO_2)5件、钠钙硅酸盐(Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2)玻璃2件。玉器大多采用了浅浮雕法进行雕琢,透闪石玉器原料可能来自于新疆和田。玻璃器材质与以往分析的唐代出土玻璃成分基本一致,其中Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2体系玻璃为西方舶来品,PbO-SiO_2体系玻璃为我国自制。由于表面风化,不同成分体系的古代玻璃都存在主要助溶剂的流失现象,流失程度与样品风化程度密切相关。这些玻璃的不同着色特征,与过渡金属元素密切相关。
Four kinds of non-destructive analysis methods, portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) Unearthed jade’s chemical composition, phase and structure, as well as the chemical composition of the unearthed glassware. The results show that there are totally 57 samples in this batch, among which 24 are talc jade, 17 turquoise jade, 1 tremolite jade, 5 apatite jade, 1 mica and 2 amber. The remaining seven were glassware, including 5 pieces of high lead silicate (PbO-SiO 2) and 2 pieces of Na 2 O-CaO-SiO 2 glass. Most of the jade used bas-relief method for carving, tremolite jade raw materials may come from Xinjiang Hotan. Glass material and the previous analysis of the Tang Dynasty unearthed glass composition is basically the same, including Na2O-CaO-SiO2 system glass imported from the West, PbO-SiO2 system glass made for our own. Due to the surface weathering, the loss of the main co-solvent exists in the ancient glass of different composition systems. The degree of loss is closely related to the degree of weathering of the sample. The different coloring characteristics of these glasses are closely related to the transition metal elements.