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目的:研究反复灌胃给予雄黄后,大鼠肾脏毒性的病理形态学特征,为临床安全、有效地使用雄黄提供科学依据。方法:随机将大鼠分为对照组和雄黄0.01,0.04,0.17 g·kg-1剂量组。各剂量组均每日灌胃给药1次,对照组给予高纯水,连续3个月。于给药后1,2,3个月和停药1,2个月后,计算肾脏指数,测定血清葡萄糖(GLU)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)及尿蛋白等,并观察肾组织病理形态学变化。结果:连续灌服雄黄≥0.01 g·kg-13个月或0.17 g·kg-12个月,肾组织出现不同程度的细胞肿胀,胞浆空泡变性,核固缩、溶解及血管扩张、充血等病变,近曲小管较肾小球损伤严重,病变呈现明显的量-时-毒关系,血BUN、GLU、尿蛋白也相应增高。停药1个月后,除0.17 g·kg-1剂量组有66.7%的肾小管轻度水肿、变性外,其余各组未见明显病变。结论:大鼠连续灌服雄黄≥0.01 g·kg-13个月或0.17 g·kg-12个月对大鼠肾脏病理学产生明显影响,尤其对肾脏近曲小管的损伤作用较为明显,停药后肾脏病变逐渐恢复至正常。
Objective: To study the pathomorphological characteristics of rat renal toxicity after repeated intragastric administration of realgar to provide a scientific basis for the safe and effective use of realgar. Methods: The rats were randomly divided into control group and realgar 0.01,0.04,0.17 g · kg-1 dose group. Each dose group was administered intragastrically once a day, while the control group was given high-purity water for 3 months. The renal index, the serum glucose (GLU), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urinary protein were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months after drug administration and 1,2 months after drug withdrawal. Histopathological changes. Results: After continuous administration of realgar ≥0.01 g · kg-13 months or 0.17 g · kg-12 months, there were varying degrees of cell swelling, cytoplasmic vacuolation, nuclear pyknosis, lysis and vasodilatation, hyperemia Other lesions, proximal convoluted tubules than the glomerular damage, the lesions showed a significant amount - time - toxic relationship, blood BUN, GLU, urinary protein also increased accordingly. One month after withdrawal, except for 0.17 g · kg-1 dose group, 66.7% mild tubular edema, degeneration, the rest of the group no obvious disease. CONCLUSION: Administration of realgar ≥0.01 g · kg-13 months or 0.17 g · kg-12 months to rats significantly affects the renal pathology, especially in the proximal tubules of the kidney. After the kidney disease gradually returned to normal.