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在矿山、水利、交通等工程领域中大变形锚杆已经获得了广泛的认可和应用,而相应理论水平落后于工程实践的现状则限制了大变形锚杆支护技术的进一步发展。针对大变形锚杆的力学及变形特性,提出了一种锚杆-围岩耦合作用结构模型,并基于塑性增量理论,从锚杆-围岩相互作用的角度,提出了大变形锚杆加固岩体的求解方法,推导了加锚岩体的平衡方程、位移协调方程和锚杆响应方程。在Visual Basic开发环境中编制有限差分计算程序,利用龙格库塔法求得了大变形锚杆-围岩耦合模型的半解析解,并通过数值模拟验证了理论模型的有效性。基于上述理论模型和计算方法,不仅可以计算得到大变形锚杆轴力和剪应力分布情况,定量分析其支护效应,还可以系统地求得加锚岩体的地层响应曲线及锚杆自身的响应曲线,对于地下工程中大变形锚杆的支护设计有基础性指导意义。
In the areas of mining, water conservancy and transportation, large deformation anchors have gained wide recognition and application. However, the corresponding theoretical level lags behind that of engineering practice, which limits the further development of large deformation anchorage technology. Aiming at the mechanics and deformation characteristics of large deformation anchor rod, a model of the interaction between anchor rod and surrounding rock is proposed. Based on the plastic incremental theory, from the perspective of the interaction between anchor rod and surrounding rock, a large deformation anchor reinforcement The solving method of rock mass, the equilibrium equation of anchor rock mass, displacement coordination equation and bolt response equation are deduced. Finite difference calculation programs are compiled in the Visual Basic development environment. The semi-analytical solutions of large deformation rock bolt-rock coupling model are obtained by Runge-Kutta method. The effectiveness of the theoretical model is verified by numerical simulation. Based on the above theoretical model and calculation method, not only the axial force and shear stress distribution of the large deformation anchor can be calculated, but also the support effect can be quantitatively analyzed. The formation response curve of the anchored rock mass and its own Response curve, which has the basic guiding significance for the design of the support of the large deformed rock bolt in the underground engineering.