一、前言微型计算机和微处理机制作方便,其应用范围越来越广泛。因此,利用各种机会从不同的角度对微型计算机进行了大量论述。在日本,微型计算机比微处理机更容易接受。因此,一般情况都做为微型计算机来论述。微处理机的用途不仅仅限于计算机,它涉及的范围较广,而且实质性技术问题也在微处理机里。因此,本文题目虽是微型计算机,但文中也对微处理机进行了论述。这里所说的微处理机,是由一个到数个大规模集成电路构成的可存储程序方式的处理机。因此,微计算机从狭义来讲,就是以微处理机为主再加上存储器和输入输出设备构成的小型通用计算机。但是在日本,在 CRT 显示设备和 POS 终点设备的灵巧化上所使用的微处理 I. INTRODUCTION Micro-computers and microprocessors are easy to make and their applications are more and more widely used. Therefore, the use of various opportunities for micro-computer from a different point of view a lot of discussion. In Japan, microcomputers are easier to accept than microprocessors. Therefore, the general situation is discussed as a microcomputer. The use of microprocessors is not limited to computers, it covers a wide range, and substantive technical issues are in microprocessors. Therefore, although the subject of this article is a microcomputer, the article also discusses the microprocessor. Microprocessor, as used herein, refers to a storable processor that is built up of a large number of large scale integrated circuits. Therefore, microcomputers in a narrow sense, is mainly a microprocessor plus a small general-purpose computer consisting of memory and input and output devices. However, in Japan, microprocessors used for the dexterity of CRT display devices and POS endpoint devices