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[目的]调查红锥天然群体和栽培群体的遗传分化状况。[方法]以广东、广西、福建、云南、海南的5个红锥天然群体和广西的3个种源的红锥栽培群体为供试材料,用筛选出的9对ISSR引物,对8个群体共计151个个体进行ISSR分析。[结果]每对ISSR引物扩增出7～20条条带,共得到122条多态带。红锥天然群体在种群水平的多态带百分率P为59.84%,Nei基因多样性指数Hpop为0.1827,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.2856,高于红锥栽培群体(P=54.87%,HPOP=0.1366,I=0.2198)。群体特异带及群体间共有带的差异与分布揭示了群体间的遗传差异及相似性,红锥天然群体遗传多样性主要存在于群体内,群体间的遗传分化系数Gst为0.99。在红锥的3个栽培群体中发现了类似的群体遗传结构(GST=0.1275)。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,红锥天然群体间的遗传距离有随地理距离跨度增加而递增的趋势。[结论]红锥遗传多样性偏低可能与人为干预和环境破坏导致的种群缩小及生境片段化等因素有关;红锥种群遗传结构的形成则与其自身繁育机制密切相关。
[Objective] To investigate the genetic differentiation of natural populations and cultivated populations in Conch population. [Method] The red cone culture populations of five red cone populations in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and Hainan and three provenances in Guangxi were used as materials. Nine ISSR primers were screened and eight populations A total of 151 individuals were subjected to ISSR analysis. [Result] Seven to twenty bands were amplified from each pair of ISSR primers, and 122 polymorphic bands were obtained. The percentage of polymorphic bands of Populus dulcis population at the population level was 59.84%, the Nei gene diversity index Hpop was 0.1827, Shannon’s diversity index (I) was 0.2856, which was higher than that of red cone culture (P = 54.87%, HPOP = 0.1366, I = 0.2198). The differences and distributions of population-specific bands and population-shared bands reveal the genetic differences and similarities among populations. The genetic diversity of natural populations of red cone mainly exists in the population. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) among populations is 0.99. A similar population genetic structure was found in three cultivars of red cone (GST = 0.1275). UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance between natural populations of red cone increased with the increase of geographical distance. [Conclusion] The low genetic diversity of Red cone may be related to such factors as population shrinkage and habitat fragmentation caused by human intervention and environmental damage. The genetic structure of Conch population is closely related to its own breeding mechanism.