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土地休耕对于耕地休养生息,保障国家粮食安全、促进生态环境改善和土地资源永续利用具有重要意义。本文从世界不同国家和地区土地休耕制度比较、土地休耕制度的农户响应以及土地休耕制度带来的生态环境和经济效应三个方面回顾了国内外关于土地休耕制度研究所取得的重要成果。在此基础上,针对中国耕地轮作休耕制度,提出了相关的政策建议:(1)根据土地受破坏程度的不同,制定休耕土地评价体系和补贴核算标准,有针对性的将强制休耕与自愿参与相结合;(2)完善监管机制和约束机制,提高农户环境意识、环保技能,改变农户的生产习惯,鼓励农民有针对性的改种其他覆盖率较高的作物保护土地。(3)针对休耕制度实施过程中产生负面效应采取相对应的管理和补偿措施。
Land fallow is of great significance to the recuperation and maintenance of cultivated land, the protection of national food security, the improvement of ecological environment and the sustainable use of land resources. This article reviews the important achievements made in the research on land fallow system at home and abroad from three aspects: comparison of land fallow system in different countries and regions, responses of farmers in land fallow system, and ecological and economic effects brought by land fallow system. On this basis, the author puts forward some policy recommendations for the cropland fallow system in China. (1) According to the different damage degree of the land, the evaluation system of fallow land evaluation and subsidy accounting standards are formulated, and the targeted fallow and voluntary participation (2) Improve the regulatory mechanism and restraint mechanism to improve farmers ’environmental awareness and environmental protection skills and change farmers’ production habits, and encourage farmers to make targeted changes to other crops with higher coverage. (3) Take corresponding management and compensation measures in response to the negative effects arising from the implementation of the fallow system.