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HIV自我检测（自检）是扩大HIV防治重点人群检测覆盖面的一大重要措施和策略，具有巨大的应用价值，并在重点人群中有很高的接受性。WHO于2016年发布了《HIV自检和性伴通知指南》，支持在HIV检测服务中实施HIV自检，并为各国建立相应公共卫生政策提供具体指导，以改善HIV诊断的可及性和利用程度。在此策略的推动下，HIV自检已在许多国家和地区得到应用并取得了巨大的防治成效。为进一步推动HIV自检，提高重点人群的检测率，本文综述了目前国内外自检政策、干预模式、自检方法、自检试剂的准确性和自检前后的咨询服务方面的应用，旨在为进一步推动我国HIV自检工作提供参考依据。“,”HIV self-testing is a key measure and strategy to expand the coverage of HIV testing in key populations, which has great value in application and high acceptance in key populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) issued then Guidelines on HIV self-testing and partner notification in 2016 to support the application of HIV self-testing and provide specific guidance for countries and organizations to develop corresponding public health policies for the purpose of improving the accessibility and utilization of HIV diagnostics. HIV self-testing has been promoted in many countries and has achieved great results. This article provides an overview of the current domestic and international HIV self-testing policies, intervention models, the use of self-testing kits, the accuracy of self-testing kits, and the application of pre- and post-testing counseling services to provide reference for the further improvement of HIV self-testing in China.n