在行为主义的刺激——反应学习理论中,特别是在斯金纳的操作性条件反射学习模式中,所有的学习都被看作是依靠强化和奖赏而形成习惯的结果。这一理论认为婴儿以下列方式习得他们的母语:在他们咿哑学语的某一阶段,婴儿发出一些声音,它相似于所指周围某人或某物的一定的词。为此,他们被报以赞同的声音或者笑容,这样,在相似情境中婴儿发出相同一类声音的可能性就会增加。经过反复的强化,最终形成习惯,儿童便继续用这种方法称谓人或物。再加上儿童总是在不断地模仿声音,更多的合成词得以强化。当他们以祈使的语气说到某件东 In the behavioral stimulus-reactive learning theory, and especially in Skinner’s operational conditional reflex learning model, all learning is seen as the result of habit formation relying on empowerment and reward. The theory holds that babies acquire their mother tongue in the following ways: At some stage in their mute language, the baby makes some sounds that resemble certain words about someone or something around. For this reason, they are reported as agreeable voices or smiles so that the likelihood of babies emitting the same type of sound increases in similar situations. After repeated intensification and eventually the formation of habits, children continue to use this method to call people or things. Coupled with the children are constantly imitating the sound, more synthetic words can be strengthened. When they talked about something in the tone of prayer