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敦煌莫高窟壁画受自身材质和自然环境等的影响,已经保存了1000多年的壁画产生起甲、酥碱、空鼓、壁画大面积脱落等多种病害。多项研究已经证明,这些病害主要是由于水盐运移导致的,水汽在岩体内的运移促使盐分在壁画表面富集是造成石窟病害主要原因之一。通过石窟围岩的渗透性研究可以解释水汽运移的规律,研究壁画病害形成的机制。在研究中应用原位定水位渗透试验测得了莫高窟洞窟围岩不同地层岩组的渗透系数,并通过高密度电阻率法监测原位渗透试验、X射线CT计算岩石孔隙比等多种方法和手段研究莫高窟围岩的渗透性,认为敦煌莫高窟围岩不同地层具有不同的渗透性,因此,即便处于同一地层岩组,渗透系数也有较大差别;在莫高窟围岩中存在渗透性好的地层,使水汽通过这些地层岩组向洞窟内运移成为可能;鉴于文物的特殊性等原因,在无法直接测得围岩渗透性的情况下,高密度电阻率法和X射线CT扫描是了解围岩渗透特性有效的办法。
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes by their own material and natural environment, etc., has saved more than 1,000 years of murals produce A, cinnamon, hollowing, fresco murals and other diseases in large areas. A number of studies have shown that these diseases are mainly caused by the migration of water and salt, and the migration of water vapor in the rock causes the salinity to be enriched on the surface of the mural painting, which is one of the main causes of the calamitous disease. Through the study of the permeability of grotto surrounding rock, the law of water vapor transport can be explained and the mechanism of the formation of mural diseases can be studied. In this study, the permeability coefficient of rock mass of surrounding rock in Mogao Grottoes was measured by in-situ water level penetration test. In-situ permeability tests by high-density resistivity method and rock void ratio by X-ray computed And means to study the permeability of surrounding rock in Mogao Grottoes. It is considered that the permeability of rock mass in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes has different permeability in different strata. Therefore, the permeability coefficients are quite different even in the same strata group. In the surrounding rock of Mogao Grottoes, It is possible to transport water vapor into the caverns through these strata and rock formations with good permeability. Due to the particularity of cultural relics and other reasons, the permeability of the surrounding rock can not be directly measured. The high-density resistivity method and X Ray CT scan is an effective way to understand the permeability of surrounding rock.