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目的：客观正确地评价各种影像诊断技术对微小肝癌（直径≤１．０ｃｍ）检出敏感性的比较。材料与方法：我们共选取大鼠５０只，每只大鼠肝脏移植２个肿瘤（直径≤１．０ｃｍ）。随机分成５组，每组１０只大鼠。第一组作常规二维超声（ＵＳ）和常规ＣＴ（包括平扫ＣＴ－ＰＣＴ和增强ＣＴ－ＣＣＴ）检查；第二组作选择性肝动脉造影（ＨＡＡ）检查；第三组作肝动脉造影ＣＴ（ＣＴＨＡ）检查；第四组作磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）检查；第五组作直接门静脉造影ＣＴ（ＣＴＰ），其原理同间接门脉造影ＣＴ，即动脉门脉造影（ＣＴＡＰ）类似。同时每组实验大鼠的所有肿瘤大小行统计学检验无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果：实验结果表明：各种影像诊断技术检出微小肝癌的敏感性从小到大依次为ＵＳ１０％、ＰＣＴ１５％、ＣＣＴ２０％、ＨＡＡ３０％、ＣＴＨＡ６５％、ＣＴＰ８０％和ＭＲＩ８５％。行统计学检验除ＣＴＨＡ外，ＣＴＰ和ＭＲＩ与其他影像诊断技术有差别（Ｐ＜０．０５）。但它们三者无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：作者认为目前所有影像诊断技术中ＭＲＩ和ＣＴＰ是检出微小肝癌敏感性最高的检查方法，其中应首选非创性的ＭＲＩ，必要时可补充作创伤性的ＣＴＰ或ＣＴＡＰ检查。
OBJECTIVE: To objectively and accurately evaluate the sensitivity of various imaging diagnostic techniques to the detection of microscopic liver cancer (diameter ≤ 1.0cm). Materials and Methods: We selected a total of 50 rats, each rat liver transplanted 2 tumors (diameter ≤ 1.0cm). Randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each. The first group was used for routine two-dimensional ultrasound (US) and conventional CT (including plain CT-PCT and enhanced CT-CCT) examinations; the second group was for selective hepatic artery angiography (HAA) examination; the third group for hepatic arteriography CT (CTHA) examination; the fourth group for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination; the fifth group for the direct portography CT (CTP), the principle of indirect portal vein contrast angiography, that is, arterial portography (CTAP) similar. At the same time, all tumors in each group had no difference in statistical tests (P>0.05). Results: The experimental results showed that the sensitivity of detection of micro-hepatocarcinoma by various imaging diagnostic techniques was US10%, PCT15%, CCT20%, HAA30%, CTHA65%, CTP80%, and MRI85% from small to large. In addition to CTHA, CTP and MRI were different from other imaging diagnostic techniques (P<0.05). However, there was no difference among them (P>0.05). Conclusion: The authors believe that MRI and CTP are the most sensitive methods for detection of micro-hepatocarcinoma in all imaging diagnostic techniques. Non-invasive MRI should be the first choice, and if necessary, it can be supplemented with traumatic CTP or CTAP.