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目的分析渭城区2011年1月~2015年12月流行性出血热(epidemic hemorrhagic fever,EHF)流行特征及规律,为出血热防控提供科学依据。方法对渭城区2011年1月~2015年12月EHF疫情资料进行收集整理,并采用描述性流行病学研究方法进行分析。结果渭城区2011年1月~2015年12月EHF共计发病205例,无1例死亡病例,年发病率为9.48/10万;EHF疫情起伏较大,2011、2012和2015年EHF处于疫情高峰期;全年每月均有EHF散在病例发生,冬、春季高发,11月份为发病顶峰时段;男性显著多于女性,男女性别比例为2.94∶1,人群以青壮年发病为主,占出血热发病总数的44.39%;职业分布以农民为主(63.90%),其次为干部(12.68%)和工人(9.27%)。结论渭城区EHF疫情年度波动性较大,应进一步加强出血热的防控工作。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics and rules of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Weicheng District from January 2011 to December 2015, and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever. Methods EHF epidemic data in Weicheng District from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 205 cases of EHF in Weicheng district from January 2011 to December 2015, and none of them died. The annual incidence of EHF was 9.48 / 100 000. The EHF epidemic fluctuated greatly. EHF was at the peak of the epidemic in 2011, 2012 and 2015 ; Scattered cases of EHF occurred every month throughout the year, with high incidence in winter and spring and peak incidence in November; there were significantly more males than females, with a male-female ratio of 2.94:1. The majority of young and middle-aged population accounted for the majority of hemorrhagic fever 44.39% of the total. The distribution of occupations was mainly farmers (63.90%), followed by cadres (12.68%) and workers (9.27%). Conclusion The annual epidemic situation of EHF in Weicheng District is quite volatile. Hemorrhagic fever prevention and control should be further strengthened.