Dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) are thought to contribute to reparative dentin formation, and that they may correspond to heterogenous populations of precursor cells or represent distinct differentiation stages along the odontoblastic lineage. DPSCs share many similarities with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow(BMSCs). It appears that the distribution of tissue stem cells is not random and, within the dental pulp, there are potentially several distinct niches of stem/progenitor cells. In addition to DPSCs, other dental stem cell populations have been isolated. As for DPSCs, further studies are still needed to evaluate their potential of differentiation and their regenerative activity. Up today,(1) the formal demonstration that pulpal resident stem cells are actually the reparative dentin-forming cells recruited in response to injury is still lacking; and(2) the origin, localization and precise identity of odontogenic stem cells remain largely unknown. Dental clonal cell lines may represent valuable tool to answer some fontamental questions concerning the dental stem cell biology. Altogether, the presence of dental cell populations displaying stem cell properties has opened new paths for considering regenerative therapies. This might be aprerequisite to design alternative strategies for capping and endodontic treatment, using stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are thought to contribute to reparative dentin formation, and that they may correspond to heterogenous populations of precursor cells or represent distinct differentiation stages along the odontolastic lineage. DPSCs share many similarities with mesenchymal stem cells of the bone marrow It appears that the distribution of tissue stem cells is not random and, within the dental pulp, there are potentially several distinct niches of stem / progenitor cells. In addition to DPSCs, other dental stem cell populations have been isolated. As for Further studies are still needed to evaluate their potential of differentiation and their regenerative activity. Up today, (1) the formal demonstration that pulpal resident stem cells are actually the reparative dentin-forming cells recruited in response to injury is still lacking; and (2) the origin, localization and precise identity of odontogenic stem cells remain largely unknown. Dental clonal cell lines may presenting valuable tool to answer some fontamental questions concerning the dental stem cell biology. Altogether, the presence of dental cell populations displaying stem cell properties has opened new paths for considering regenerative therapies. This might be a refinement to design alternative strategies for capping and endodontic treatment, using stem cells.