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目的 比较新生儿5微克(μg)重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(酿酒酵母)[ Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB) Made by Recombinant Deoxyribonucleic Acid Techniques in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast,HepB-SCY]初次免疫(初免)无应答者,使用不同剂量和剂次HepB再免疫的效果.方法 将HepB-SCY初免无应答的7~12月龄婴儿随机分为2组,按照0、1、6个月程序分别用5μg HepB-SCY(5μg组)和10μg HepB(汉逊酵母)(Hansenula Polymorpha Yeast,HPY)(10μg组)进行再免疫,于再免疫1剂和3剂1个月后采集血标本,比较不同剂量和剂次HepB再免疫后的抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体[ Antibody to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Surface Antigen,Anti-HBs]阳转率和抗体水平.结果 5μgHepB-SCY组和10μg HepB-HPY组1剂再免疫后,Anti-HBs阳转率分别为78.79% (26/33)和97.06% (33/34),差异有统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.03);3剂再免疫后,Anti-HBs阳转率分别升高到96.30% (26/27)和100.00% (32/32),差异无统计学意义(Fisher精确概率法,P=0.45).5μg HepB-SCY组1剂和3剂再免疫后,Anti-HBs几何平均浓度(Geometric Mean Concentration,GMC)分别为62.81毫国际单位/毫升(mIU/ml)[ 95%可信区间(Confidence Interval,CI) 22.33 mIU/ml~176.69 mIU/ml]和276.49 mIU/ml (95%CI 151.71 mIU/m1~503.96mIU/ml),差异有统计学意义(t=5.70,P=0.02); 10μg HepB-HPY组1剂和3剂再免疫后,Anti-HBs GMC分别为143.92mIU/ml (95%CI 78.31 mIU/ml~264.48 mIU/ml)和560.44 mIU/ml(95%CI 332.74 mIU/ml~944.07 mIU/ml),差异亦有统计学意义(t=11.81,P=0.01).结论 10μg HepB-HPY再免疫1剂或5μg HepB-SCY再免疫3剂,可能是5μg HepB-SCY初免无应答婴儿较为理想的再免疫方案;再免疫3剂比1剂可获得较高的抗体水平.