众所周知,数学是研究数量关系和空间形式的科学.简单地说,是研究数与形的科学.当然,这里所指的“数”是广义的数,既包括通常的正数与负数,有理数与无理数,实数与虚数;也包括代数式,方程与函数,随机数与统计数,矩阵,等等.而空间形式所指的“形”也是广义的,不仅是指现实空间中的 It is well-known that mathematics is a science that studies the relationship between quantity and space, and simply the science of numbers and shapes, of course, the term “number” is a generalized number that includes both normal and negative numbers, rational numbers and Irrational numbers, real numbers and imaginary numbers, as well as algebraic equations, equations and functions, random numbers and statistics, matrices, etc. The “form” in the sense of space is also generalized, not only in the real space