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模板法是一种制备粒径可控、形貌均一微球的有效途径。以球霰石形态存在的CaCO_3多孔微球具有生物相容、孔径均一,以及可在温和条件下分解等优点,适用于作为模板制备微球。本文在对CaCO_3模板进行简单介绍的基础上,从原料选取与应用角度综述了用CaCO_3模板法制备微球的研究进展。常用的装载CaCO3多孔微球的方法有物理吸附、共沉淀和渗透法等,所用原料有天然高分子(如多糖、蛋白质、DNA)和合成高分子(如聚苯乙烯磺酸钠、聚乙烯醇)。利用CaCO_3模版制备的微球具有多孔洞或空心结构,尺寸形貌均一可控,特别适用于制药、药物递送、生物传感器及化学分析等领域。预计随着纳米技术的发展和生物医药领域的需求将推动CaCO_3模板法的研究,以期通过该方法制备出应用领域更加广泛的微球。
Template method is to prepare a particle size controllable, homogeneous microspheres an effective way. CaCO 3 porous microspheres with vaterite morphology are biocompatible, uniform pore size, and can be decomposed under mild conditions. They are suitable for preparation of microspheres as templates. Based on the brief introduction of CaCO_3 template, the research progress of microspheres prepared by CaCO_3 template was reviewed from the aspects of material selection and application. Commonly used methods of loading CaCO3 porous microspheres are physical adsorption, coprecipitation and infiltration method, the raw materials used are natural polymers (such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA) and synthetic polymers (such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinyl alcohol ). The microspheres prepared by using CaCO_3 template have porous or hollow structure and uniform size and shape control. They are especially suitable for the fields of pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, biosensors and chemical analysis. It is expected that with the development of nanotechnology and the demand in biomedicine, the research of CaCO_3 template will be promoted in order to prepare more widely used microspheres by this method.