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目的分析理塘县2000-2010年肺结核病流行特征,探讨高寒牧区农牧民肺结核病的防控策略和措施。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对理塘县2000-2010年肺结核病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2000-2010年理塘县共报告肺结核病例539例,2008年发病率149.78/10万为最高,2010年104.91/10万。流行病学特征:发病散发在3～10月份,男女性别比为1.99:1,病例年龄集中在25～44岁,藏族占病例总数的96.29%,农牧民占总病例数的85.34%,牧区发病高于农牧区,死亡病例主要在60～65以上高年龄组。痰涂片检测1 232人,阳性264人,阳性率21.43%。累计治疗肺结核病患者539例,治愈234例,治愈率43.41%,累计死亡12例,病死率2.23%。结论理塘县肺结核病疫情总体得到控制,但治愈率较低,应进一步加强防治能力建设、卡介苗接种以及结核病防治项目管理。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Litang County from 2000 to 2010 and to explore the strategies and measures for prevention and control of tuberculosis in the alpine pastoral areas. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of tuberculosis outbreaks in Litang County from 2000 to 2010. Results A total of 539 pulmonary tuberculosis cases were reported in Litang County from 2000 to 2010. The highest incidence was 149.78 / 100,000 in 2008 and 104.91% in 2010. Epidemiological characteristics: incidence of eruption in 3 to 10 months, the male to female sex ratio was 1.99: 1, case age concentrated in the 25 to 44 years old, Tibetans accounted for 96.29% of the total number of cases, farmers and herdsmen accounted for 85.34% of the total number of cases, pastoral areas The incidence is higher than that of farming and pastoral areas, the deaths are mainly in the high age group of 60 ~ 65. There were 1 232 sputum smear tests, 264 were positive, the positive rate was 21.43%. A total of 539 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were treated, 234 cases were cured, the cure rate was 43.41%, 12 cases were cumulative deaths and the case fatality rate was 2.23%. Conclusion The overall incidence of tuberculosis in Litang County is under control, but the cure rate is relatively low. Capacity building in prevention and treatment, BCG vaccination and TB project management should be further strengthened.