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目的了解公共场所从业人员的烟草暴露与控烟现况,为开展公共场所有效控烟工作提供依据。方法 2009年10月方便抽取北京市通州区洗浴、餐饮、歌厅、网吧共45家,随机选取公共场所从业人员507人独立填答无记名调查问卷。结果问卷有效应答率93.5%(n=474)。四类公共场所从业人员的总吸烟率为42.2%,男性(69.5%)高于女性(8.5%),差别有统计学意义(χ2=178.624,P<0.001)。3.4%的调查者尝试过吸烟,16岁～组和小学文化程度以下者尝试吸烟率稍高,分别为5.2%和10.0%;40～53岁的戒烟率较高,达27.8%。四类公共场所从业人员被动吸烟率为62.0%,男(55.0%)、女(64.9%)被动吸烟率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.381,P=0.123)。女性被动吸烟暴露程度较男性严重(χ2=8.272,P=0.016)。四类公共场所均有销售卷烟现象。11.6%的从业人员不清楚其工作场所对吸烟的规定,且69.7%的从业人员没看见或没注意过在禁烟场所吸烟被处罚。只有14.2%的顾客能遵守吸烟规定。如果顾客在非吸烟区吸烟,74.8%的从业人员特别是非吸烟者和文化程度较高的从业人员更易于上前制止吸烟。85.0%的从业人员认为在工作场所开展完全禁烟的困难是顾客难以配合。结论休闲娱乐类公共场所从业人员的吸烟率和被动吸烟率均很高。
Objective To understand the status of tobacco exposure and tobacco control in public places and to provide basis for effective tobacco control in public places. Methods In October 2009, a total of 45 bathing, dining, singing rooms and Internet cafes were randomly collected in Tongzhou District, Beijing. Randomly selected 507 people in public places were randomly selected to fill in the anonymous questionnaire. Results The questionnaire effective response rate was 93.5% (n = 474). The total smoking rate of the employees in the four public places was 42.2%, while that of the male (69.5%) was higher than that of the female (8.5%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 178.624, P <0.001). 3.4% of the respondents tried smoking, and the prevalence of smoking was slightly higher at 16 years old and younger than primary school with a prevalence of 5.2% and 10.0%, respectively; and the smoking cessation rate was 40% and 53%, reaching 27.8%. Passive smoking was 62.0% among the four public places, and there was no significant difference in passive smoking between male (55.0%) and female (64.9%) (χ2 = 2.381, P = 0.123). Female passive smoking was more severe than male (χ2 = 8.272, P = 0.016). Four types of public places have sales of cigarettes. 11.6% of employees were not aware of the smoking regulations in their workplaces, and 69.7% of the employees did not see or did not notice that smoking was prohibited in no-smoking areas. Only 14.2% of customers can comply with smoking regulations. If customers smoke in non-smoking areas, 74.8% of practitioners, especially non-smokers and more educated practitioners, are much more likely to stop smoking. 85.0% of employees think that it is difficult for customers to cooperate in the complete ban on smoking in the workplace. Conclusion The smoking and passive smoking rates of employees in public places of leisure and entertainment are very high.