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为深入研究脉冲电场对细胞的作用机制,并进一步推广其在临床上的应用,基于有限元仿真软件建立了考虑胞内细胞器的单细胞五层介电模型,从2维和3维的角度研究分析了脉冲电场诱导细胞发生电穿孔的动态过程。同时,鉴于理论球形细胞与真实细胞结构的差异,建立不规则细胞介电模型,讨论分析脉冲电场作用于理论球形细胞与真实细胞电穿孔效应的差异。仿真结果表明:在1.5 k V/cm、10μs脉冲电场作用下,细胞膜上跨膜电位升高达到穿孔跨膜电位阈值(1 V)后发生穿孔,孔密度急增(达到1016数量级),电导率随着时间快速增加,从而进一步改变跨膜电位的分布,穿孔区域由正对电极的点逐渐往四周扩展,最终穿孔区域达到整个表面积的71.4%。而不规则细胞下的跨膜电位、电导率等分布较复杂,不再具有对称分布性,对于畸形度较大的细胞则必须考虑其形状的影响。仿真结果合理解释了脉冲作用下单细胞电穿孔的作用机制,为进一步分析复杂细胞系统提供理论依据,同时推进了脉冲电场的临床应用。
In order to further study the mechanism of pulse electric field on cells and to further promote its clinical application, a five-layer single-cell dielectric model considering intracellular organelles was established based on the finite element simulation software. The two-dimensional and three- Pulse electric field induced cell electroporation dynamic process. In the meantime, in view of the difference between theoretical spherical cells and real cell structures, an irregular cell dielectric model was established and the differences between the effect of pulsed electric fields on the electroporation effect of the theoretical spherical cells and real cells were analyzed. The simulation results show that the perforation occurs at a transmembrane potential of 1.5 k V / cm and 10 μs under the influence of a pulsed electric field of 10 μs, and the hole density increases sharply (up to the order of 1016) With the rapid increase of time, the distribution of transmembrane potential was further changed. The perforation area gradually expanded from the point of the opposite electrode to the periphery, and the final perforation area reached 71.4% of the total surface area. The irregular cell transmembrane potential, conductivity and other distribution is more complicated, no longer has a symmetrical distribution, for larger deformity cells must consider the impact of its shape. The simulation results reasonably explain the mechanism of single cell electroporation under the action of pulse, and provide the theoretical basis for further analysis of complex cell system, meanwhile, promote the clinical application of pulse electric field.