方法论是一门研究有关运用科学研究方法和分析工具的规律或规则的学问。一门学科有没有充实完善的方法论 ,不仅是其成熟与否的重要标志 ,而且是它能否得以顺利发展的基本前提和必要条件。这是因为 ,一门学科在前进发展的过程中 ,当它对其方法论加以完善或革新时 ,就常常孕育着? Methodology is a science that studies the laws or rules that apply scientific research methods and analytical tools. Whether a discipline has a sound and complete methodology is not only an important symbol of its maturity, but also a basic premise and a necessary condition for its smooth development. This is because, in the course of advancing development, a discipline is often pregnant when it reforms or perfects its methodology.