目的:探讨低出生体重儿相关危险因素及预后,为临床提供依据。方法:选择低出生体重产儿108例为观察组,选取同时期正常体重儿120例作为对照组,观察两组产儿相关危险因素与预后等指标。结果:观察组早产、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压、双胎、贫血和胎盘异常分别为51.85%、19.44%、15.74%、8.33%、20.37%和10.19%,均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组分娩前产妇体重(53.78±4.82)kg,低于对照组(64.96±5.21)kg,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组黄疸持续时间为(9.37±0.84)天,长于对照组(5.22±0.61)天,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组感染和营养不良分别为18.52%(20/108)和32.01%,均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组住院天数(15.22±1.53)天,长于对照组(6.71±0.98)天,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组体重增长和身长增长分别为(18.13±1.01)g/d和(0.81±0.12)mm/d,均低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:早产、胎膜早破、妊娠期高血压、双胎、贫血和胎盘异常、产妇体重过轻时低出生体重儿相关危险因素,新生儿预后较差。 Objective: To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of low birth weight infants and to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods: A total of 108 low birth weight infants were selected as the observation group. 120 normal infants of the same period were selected as the control group. The risk factors and prognosis of the two groups were observed. Results: The incidences of preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, gestational hypertension, twins, anemia and placenta were 51.85%, 19.44%, 15.74%, 8.33%, 20.37% and 10.19% respectively in the observation group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (53.78 ± 4.82) kg, which was lower than that of the control group (64.96 ± 5.21) kg, the difference was significant (P <0.05). The duration of jaundice in the observation group was ( 9.37 ± 0.84), longer than the control group (5.22 ± 0.61) days, the difference was significant (P <0.05); the infection and malnutrition rates in the observation group were 18.52% (20/108) and 32.01% , The difference was significant (P <0.05). The length of stay in the observation group was (15.22 ± 1.53) days longer than that in the control group (6.71 ± 0.98) days, the difference was significant (P <0.05) (18.13 ± 1.01) g / d and (0.81 ± 0.12) mm / d, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The risk factors of premature delivery, premature rupture of membranes, hypertension during pregnancy, twins, anemia and placenta accreta, low birth weight infants with low birth weight are poor prognosis.