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单个民营企业受规模和海外经营经验与能力的限制,在海外经营过程中面临着议价能力低、中间服务不足、抗风险能力低的发展瓶颈。集群化经营是民营企业突破海外独立发展瓶颈,实现增加经营效益和降低经营成本、减少经营风险目标的重要途径。海外工业园、战略联盟、民间组织主导的各种协会,是当前我国民营企业海外集群化经营的主要模式。经贸合作区数量和质量上的欠缺,企业之间联系纽带不强,沟通协调机制缺乏,规模偏小等是制约民营企业海外集群化经营的主要因素。要促进民营企业海外集群化经营,必须从政府宏观层面、行业协会等中间组织、企业自身来进行制度改造和设计。
Owing to their limited scale and overseas operation experience and capability, a single private enterprise faces the bottleneck of bargaining power, insufficient intermediate service and low anti-risk capability in its overseas operation. Cluster management is an important way for private-owned enterprises to break through the bottlenecks of independent overseas development, realize the goal of increasing operational efficiency, reducing operating costs and reducing operational risks. Overseas industrial parks, strategic alliances and non-governmental organization-led associations are the main modes of overseas cluster management of private enterprises in our country at present. The lack of quantity and quality of economic and trade cooperation zones, the weak ties between enterprises, the lack of communication and coordination mechanisms, and the small scale are the major factors that restrict the private-owned cluster operations overseas. To promote the overseas cluster management of private enterprises, the system reform and design must be conducted from the macro level of the government, the intermediate organizations such as trade associations, and the enterprises themselves.