国际贸易的本质是国际竞争,一国参与国际竞争的终极目标是要争取尽可能多的“国家利益”或“国民福利”。国家主权的不可交换性、经济利益在国与国之间的不可补偿性及劳动力难以跨国流动是自由贸易无法实现的根本原因。 The essence of international trade is international competition. The ultimate goal of a country to participate in international competition is to win as many “national interests” or “national welfare benefits” as possible. The non-exchangeability of state sovereignty, the irreplaceability of economic interests between countries, and the difficulty in cross-border movement of labor force are the fundamental reasons why free trade can not be realized.