论文部分内容阅读
采 用微波交 换法分 两步将浮 选后的 天然 钙基 蒙脱 土转 变为 镍基 蒙脱 土， 通过 丙烯腈 单体与镍 基蒙脱 土层间镍 离子的 络合作 用，把 丙烯 腈单 体引 入蒙 脱土 层间 ，然 后用 过硫酸 铵引发丙 烯腈原位 聚合制 备聚丙烯 腈／ 蒙脱 土纳米 复合 物．由 Ｘ 射 线荧 光分 析测 定钙基蒙 脱土和镍 基蒙脱土 的化学 组成，求 得镍离子 交换 度为 ９１ ．４ ％ ． Ｘ 射 线粉 末衍 射结 果显示，聚 丙烯腈／ 蒙 脱土复 合物试 样的（ ００１） 衍 射峰（ ２ θ） 由镍 基 蒙脱 土的 ５ ．６°移 至低 于 ２°的位置 ，即 ｄ（００１ ） 值由 １ ．５８ ｎ ｍ 增至４ ．４１ ｎ ｍ 以上 ．复合物 试样的红 外光谱 中未 见 Ｃ＝ Ｃ 双键吸 收峰，说 明聚合反 应已进 行完全．透 射电镜 照片 显示 蒙脱 土的 硅酸 盐片 层 以单 层无 规则分 散在聚合 物基体 中．
The natural calcium-based montmorillonite after flotation was transformed into nickel-based montmorillonite by microwave exchange method in two steps. The complexation of acrylonitrile monomer with Ni-montmorillonite interlayer nickel The bulk was introduced into the interlayer of montmorillonite, then polyacrylonitrile / montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylonitrile with ammonium persulfate. The chemical composition of calcium-based montmorillonite and nickel-based montmorillonite was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the degree of nickel ion exchange was found to be 91. 4%. The results of X-ray powder diffraction showed that the (001) diffraction peak (2θ) of polyacrylonitrile / montmorillonite composite samples was composed of nickel-based montmorillonite. 6 ° to less than 2 ° position, that d (001) value of 1. 58 n m to 4. 41 n m above. There was no C = C double bond absorption peak in the infrared spectrum of the composite sample, indicating that the polymerization reaction has been completed completely. Transmission electron micrographs showed that montmorillonite silicate lamellae were randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix in a monolayer.