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近年来,欧盟越来越寻求在世界贸易组织(WTO)框架下就投资、竞争、环境和劳工等领域达成规制性(regulatory)协定。欧盟为什么选择WTO而非其他国际组织来寻求规制性目标以满足这些新需求呢?本文提出两条原因:第一,国际贸易谈判中议题的关联性已由单一的市场准入权互换向市场准入权与规制互换转变。内部民意的多样性以及决策达成共识的需要,使得欧盟特别依赖于这种广泛的议题关联性。第二,WTO的司法化及实施交叉报复的可能性加强了其承诺的可信度,相应提高了该组织在跨政策领域实行关联议题谈判的吸引力。本文将揭示这两条原因如何促进了欧盟将规制性议题提上多哈发展回合议程的努力。
In recent years, the EU has increasingly sought to reach a regulatory agreement on investment, competition, environment and labor in the framework of the World Trade Organization. Why did the EU choose WTO instead of other international organizations to seek regulatory goals to meet these new demands? This article proposes two reasons: First, the relevance of the issues in international trade negotiations has been changed from a single market access right to the market Change of access and regulation exchange. The diversity of internal public opinion and the need to reach a consensus on policymaking make the EU particularly dependent on this broad issue relevance. Second, the WTO’s judicialization and the possibility of implementing cross-retaliation have strengthened the credibility of its commitments and correspondingly raised the organization’s attractiveness for the negotiation of related issues in cross-policy areas. This article will reveal how these two reasons contributed to the EU’s efforts to put regulatory issues on the Doha Development Round agenda.