目的了解安徽省望江县疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结和分析消除疟疾的措施和效果。方法用回顾性调查方法,对望江县疟疾的流行趋势、防治措施、效果进行总结和分析。从消除措施、现场考核、保障措施三个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果疟疾曾是严重危害望江县人民健康的地方性传染病,1954年发病率为6 001.55/10万,经过多年积极防治,疟疾发病率逐年下降,1983年起连续31年下降至0.38/10万。2007年发现最后1例本地感染间日疟。2010年开展消除疟疾工作以来,发热病人血检24 172人次,阳性2人。规范治疗与管理3例输入性恶性疟病例。2015年经安徽省安庆市卫生计生委考核评估,达到卫生部消除疟疾标准。结论望江县已达到国家卫生计生委颁消除疟疾标准,实现了全县消除疟疾,巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测。 Objective To understand the general situation of malaria and its prevention and cure in Wangjiang County, Anhui Province, and to summarize and analyze the measures and effects of eliminating malaria. Methods A retrospective survey method was used to summarize and analyze the malaria epidemic trend, control measures and effects in Wangjiang County. The elimination of malaria from three aspects of elimination measures, on-site assessment, safeguard measures to assess. Results Malaria was a endemic infectious disease seriously endangering the health of people in Wangjiang County. The incidence of malaria was 6 001.55 / 100 000 in 1954. After years of active prevention and control, the incidence of malaria dropped year by year. From 1983 onwards, the incidence of malaria dropped to 0.38 / 10 Million In 2007, the last case of local infection was found to be Plasmodium vivax. Since the start of malaria elimination work in 2010, 24,172 blood tests were given to feverish patients, two of whom were positive. Standardized treatment and management of 3 cases of imported cases of falciparum malaria. In 2015, Anqing City, Anhui Province Health and Family Planning Commission assessment assessment, the Ministry of Health to eliminate malaria standards. Conclusion Wangjiang County has reached the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued a standard in addition to malaria, to achieve the elimination of malaria in the county, the consolidation of the focus is to strengthen the monitoring of imported cases.